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Peptide Hormones (26):
- Pituitary Hormones
- Natriuretic Peptides
- Motilin
- Gonadotropins
- Adrenomedullin
- Adipokines
- Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein
- Pancreatic Hormones
- Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide
- Bombesin
- Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide
- Relaxin
- Peptide YY
- Hypothalamic Hormones
- Secretin
- Placental Hormones
- Peptide PHI
- Parathyroid Hormone
- Gastrins
- Inhibins
- Ghrelin
- Calcitonin
- Activins
- Urotensins
- Urocortins
- Angiotensins
Recent article
Peptide Hormones
Abstract
Multiple interactions exist between human follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and the N-terminal hormone-binding fragment of the human FSH receptor (FSHR) extracellular domain (ECD). Binding of the other human glycoprotein hormones to their cognate human receptors (luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR)...
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PMID: 20736161
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
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Abstract
We investigated the effects of acute strenuous interval exercise and circuit exercise on nesfatin and other hormones affected by metabolic stress. Fourteen provincial and national level young male-kickboxing volunteers participated [age 20.71 ± 2.6 years, height 176.6 ± 2.8 cm, body weight 67.2 ±...
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PMID: 20625762
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Regulatory Peptides (163)1-3 2010
Abstract
We outline the central nervous system distribution of NUCB2/nesfatin-1, and recent developments on the peripheral expression of NUCB2/nesfatin-1, in particular its co-localization with ghrelin in gastric X/A-like cells and insulin in ss-cells of the endocrine pancreas. Functional studies related to...
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PMID: 20580651
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health issue as it is causally related to several chronic disorders, including type-2 diabetes, CVD and cancer. Novel research shows that the gut microbiota is involved in obesity and metabolic disorders, revealing that obese animal and human subjects have alterations in th...
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PMID: 20540826
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Endocrinology (151)7 2010
Abstract
We therefore investigated NUCB2/nesfatin-1 gene and protein expression in human and murine adipose tissue depots. Additionally, the effects of insulin, dexamethasone, and inflammatory cytokines and the impact of food deprivation and obesity on nesfatin-1 expression were studied by quantitative RT-PC...
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PMID: 20427481
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Chemical Reviews (110)5 2010
Abstract
Abstract
We investigated the effects of GHREL and OBS on the proliferative activity of rat adrenocortical cells in a model of bilateral enucleation-induced adrenocortical regeneration in the rat. Rats were sacrificed 5 or 8 days after surgery. Twenty-four hours before being sacrificed, the appropriate groups...
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PMID: 20372824
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
In teleosts, growth hormone (GH) production is governed by multiple neuroendocrine factors from the hypothalamus and other regulators from the pituitary and peripheral organs. Exploring the principles followed by pituitary somatotropes when differentiating and integrating the signals from these regu...
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PMID: 20596912
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Bioscience Reports (30)1 2010
Abstract
We describe a novel secreted protein, named C12ORF39 (chromosome 12 open-reading framework 39), which contains a typical amidation/proteolytic processing signal (Gly-Arg-Arg motif). Interestingly, C12ORF39 protein is not hydrolysed, but is a full-length protein without signal peptides. Western blott...
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PMID: 19193193
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) is derived from a 170 amino acid precursor which in addition is processed to preproVIP 22-79, PHI, preproVIP 111-122 and preproVIP 156-170. All preproVIP-derived peptides have been shown in normal tissue and VIP-producing cell lines and elevated quantities occ...
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PMID: 19859678
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The discovery of ghrelin has elucidated the role of the stomach as an important organ in the regulation of growth hormone release and energy homeostasis. Ghrelin is orexigenic; it is secreted from the stomach and circulates in the blood stream under fasting conditions, indicating that it transmits a...
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PMID: 19859676
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) is derived from the prohormone, pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC). This precursor undergoes proteolytic cleavage to yield a number of different peptides which vary depending on the tissue. In the anterior pituitary, POMC is processed to ACTH by the prohormone convertase...
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PMID: 19888563
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We report that nesfatin-1 is also anti-hyperglycemic. It was found that the intravenous injection of nesfatin-1 significantly reduced blood glucose in hyperglycemic db/db mice. This anti-hyperglycemic effect of nesfatin-1 was time-, dose-, insulin-dependent and peripheral.
Copyright 2009 Elsevier In...
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PMID: 19995555
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Our findings do not support a favorable effect of soy isoflavone tablets on body composition in healthy postmenopausal women....
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PMID: 20142790
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We identified three additional targets, Sostdc1, Penk1 and Igfbp5, which were also severely affected. Penk1 and Igfbp5 were confirmed to be regulated by GLI1, while the induction of Sostdc1 by IHH is independent of GLI1. SOSTDC1 is a BMP antagonist, and altered BMP signaling is known to affect digit...
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PMID: 20024692
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biochemical Journal (428)1 2010
Abstract
We have compared the mechanism of action of URP and UII on cultured astrocytes. Competition experiments performed with [125I]UII showed the presence of very-high- and high-affinity binding sites for UII, and a single high-affinity site for URP. Both UII and URP provoked a membrane depolarization acc...
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PMID: 20192922
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The involvement of regulatory peptides of different groups in emotional and motivational behavior is analyzed comparing experimental and clinical data. Existing contradictions are underlined. The putative role of peptidases in emotional and motivational behavor is discussed. Changes in peptidases' a...
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PMID: 20469601
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
BMC Biology (8)1 2010
Abstract
We combined bioinformatics, mass-spectrometry (MS)-enabled peptidomics and molecular techniques to identify the complete suite of neuropeptide prohormones and final peptide products and their distributions.
Complementary bioinformatic resources were integrated to survey the zebra fin...
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PMID: 20359331
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have developed an antibody specific for des-acyl ghrelin that does not crossreact with acyl ghrelin. Both acyl ghrelin- and des-acyl ghrelin-immunoreactive cells were distributed in the oxyntic and antral mucosa of the rat stomach, with higher density in the antral mucosa than oxyntic mucosa. Imm...
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PMID: 20501445
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Clinical Medicine (9)5 2009
Abstract
Recent developments in the field of diabetes and endocrinology have led to greater understanding of the body's complex hormonal axes. This article reviews the latest significant treatments which have the potential to impact greatly on a wide variety of disease states in the not too distant future....
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PMID: 19886108
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Obestatin is a peptide derived from the proghrelin, a common prohormone for ghrelin and obestatin. Obestatin, like the ghrelin has been originally extracted from rat stomach, and the stomach seems to be a major source of circulating obestatin. Previous studies have shown that administration of ghrel...
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PMID: 19826187
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We investigated the plasma concentration of obestatin in 18 non-pregnant women, 18 normal pregnant women, and 15 patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension. The plasma concentrations of obestatin in these 3 groups of women were 63.4+/-9.5pg/ml, 38.1+/-6.3pg/ml, and 46.0+/-9.3pg/ml, respectively. I...
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PMID: 19560502
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (328)1-2 2009
Abstract
These results suggest that the low ghrelin and especially the dramatically elevated nesfatin-1 levels might contribute to the pathophyisology of epilepsy. Therefore, serum and saliva ghrelin and especially the remarkably increased nesfatin-1 might be candidate biomarkers for the diagnosis of epileps...
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PMID: 19262995
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We found that peptide and protein hormones in secretory granules of the endocrine system are stored in an amyloid-like cross-beta-sheet-rich conformation. Thus, functional amyloids in the pituitary and other organs can contribute to normal cell and tissue physiology....
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PMID: 19541956
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The production of the peptide hormones ACTH, alpha-MSH, and beta-endorphin requires proteolytic processing of POMC which is hypothesized to utilize dual cysteine- and subtilisin-like protease pathways, consisting of the secretory vesicle cathepsin L pathway and the well-known subtilisin-like prohorm...
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PMID: 19343278
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We summarize clinical observations that provide insights into how PRL may impact on the skin, and define important research frontiers and controversies in the quest to better characterize the complex role of PRL in human skin biology and pathology. Focusing on psoriasis, alopecia, and stress-related...
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PMID: 19110541
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Tissue & Cell (41)2 2009
Abstract
We investigated the effects of chronic administration of ghrelin on morphometry of testicular cells and its probable intracellular alterations. Thirty 45-day male Wistar rats were scheduled for the study and were divided into control and treatment groups. In the treatment group, 1nmol of ghrelin was...
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PMID: 18842278
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Tissue & Cell (41)2 2009
Abstract
We investigated the effects of chronic administration of ghrelin on morphometry of testicular cells and its probable intracellular alterations. Thirty 45-day male Wistar rats were scheduled for the study and were divided into control and treatment groups. In the treatment group, 1nmol of ghrelin was...
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PMID: 18842278
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Tissue & Cell (41)2 2009
Abstract
We investigated the effects of chronic administration of ghrelin on morphometry of testicular cells and its probable intracellular alterations. Thirty 45-day male Wistar rats were scheduled for the study and were divided into control and treatment groups. In the treatment group, 1nmol of ghrelin was...
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PMID: 18842278
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have studied a range of relaxin-like peptides using solution nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Three-dimensional structures of relaxin-3, insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3), and INSL5 were determined and revealed a number of interesting features. All peptides showed a significant amount of line-br...
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PMID: 19416153
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
International Journal of Obesity (33 Suppl 1) 2009
Abstract
We consider one such alternative, namely, that a specialized group of CNS structures collectively known as the sensory circumventricular organs (CVOs), which are not protected by the normal blood-brain barrier, may play important roles in such blood to brain communications. Specifically, we review a...
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PMID: 19363501
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
International Journal of Obesity (33 Suppl 1) 2009
Abstract
We describe the physiology of energy balance and the putative mechanisms of change in weight set point following bariatric surgical procedures such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and adjustable gastric banding....
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PMID: 19363504
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
International Journal of Obesity (33 Suppl 1) 2009
Abstract
Multiple gut peptides are involved in the overall control of food intake. Plasma levels of gut peptides are differentially affected by food intake, and the different patterns of release around meals provides an indication of a peptide's specific role in feeding control. Ghrelin is a gastric peptide...
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PMID: 19363513
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
International Journal of Obesity (33 Suppl 1) 2009
Abstract
Abstract
We introduce the structure of ghrelin promoter, the processing and modification of ghrelin precursor, and the regulation mechanism in these processes. Then we discuss factors found to be important in the regulation of ghrelin production, including nutrients, hormones, and autonomic nervous system. F...
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PMID: 19280057
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Drug and Alcohol Review (28)2 2009
Abstract
There is growing evidence for a role of appetite-related peptides and volume-regulating hormones in alcoholism. In particular, recent evidence has suggested that hormones, such as ghrelin, insulin and leptin and volume-regulating hormones, could play a role in alcohol-seeking behaviour. The goal of...
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PMID: 19320701
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (323)1-2 2009
Abstract
We found markedly lower tissue ghrelin levels in thyroid tissue of patients with papillary carcinomas, compared with normal thyroid tissues (P = 0.001). Immunohistochemical analysis also showed that obestatin in papillary carcinoma stained positively to various degrees. Obestatin tissue levels in pa...
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PMID: 19039650
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Amyloids have traditionally been associated with misfolded protein aggregates and debilitating neurodegenerative diseases. However, a growing number of functional amyloids have now been described that demonstrate that amyloid formation can be an integral part of normal cellular physiology. Functiona...
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PMID: 19622831
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Pediatric Research (65)1 2009
Abstract
We compared the ontogeny of preproghrelin, ghrelin, obestatin, and PCs in the stomach and pancreas from rat embryos (day 21) and neonates (days 1, 6, 13, 21, and 28) by immunohistochemistry. In stomach, preproghrelin positive cells were present from embryonic day 21 and were in excess of ghrelin cel...
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PMID: 18784614
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Both ghrelin and obestatin are derived from preproghrelin by post-translational processing. The two peptides are secreted into the blood but circulating levels of these peptides have not been assessed in women with ovarian tumours. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate peripheral bloo...
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PMID: 19899406
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Obesity Surgery (19)1 2009
Abstract
Ghrelin concentrations (-12%, p = 0.022) and ghrelin/obestatin ratios (-14%, p = 0.017) were lower after surgery than before, while obestatin levels did not change. Changes in ghrelin concentrations correlated with changes in insulin levels (r = 0.45, p = 0.011). Most cardiovascular risk factors stu...
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PMID: 18521699
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Molecular Endocrinology (22)12 2008
Abstract
We summarize the proteins known to be involved in the mechanisms of sorting various cargo proteins into regulated secretory pathway hormone-containing vesicles, movement of these vesicles along microtubules and actin filaments, and their eventual tethering/docking to the plasma membrane for hormone...
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PMID: 18669645
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Nature Immunology (9)12 2008
Abstract
We report that neuronal exocytosis of neuropeptides from dense core vesicles suppressed the survival of Caenorhabditis elegans and their clearance of infection with the human bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This immunomodulatory function was mediated by INS-7, an insulin-like neuropeptide...
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PMID: 18854822
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Regulatory Peptides (150)1-3 2008
Abstract
There is regional variation in CCK, but not incretin hormone release, in the upper small intestine, and modest differences in the site of glucose exposure affect appetite and energy intake....
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PMID: 18396340
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Il Giornale di chirurgia (29)10 2008
Abstract
Paraneoplastic syndromes induced by inappropriate-ectopic production of hormones, cytokines and growth factors, therefore not mediated directly by local infiltration or metastatic spread, occur in approximately 10 per cent of patients with malignant disease in initial phase. Subjects with paraneopla...
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PMID: 18947470
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We examined the role of ia2, a Drosophila homologue, during Drosophila development. In situ hybridization showed that ia2 was expressed in the central nervous system and midgut region. The neuronal expression pattern of ia2 was very similar to that of IA-2 in mammals. Disruption of gut-specific ia2...
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PMID: 18634898
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
PYY and ghrelin play a major role in pathogenesis of anorexia-cachexia syndrome in pediatric ALL patients....
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PMID: 19011469
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Ghrelin, an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor, is a gastric hormone that has been found to have a wide variety of biological functions. This review summarizes our current understanding of the effects of ghrelin on cell differentiation and tissue development, with an emph...
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PMID: 18850048
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The Aphidoidea is an insect superfamily comprising most of the known aphid species. While small in size, these animals are of considerable economic importance as many members of this taxon are serious agricultural pests, inflicting physical damage upon crop plants and serving as vectors in the trans...
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PMID: 18725225
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Obesity Surgery (18)9 2008
Abstract
LAGB yielded substantial %EWL and a proportional decrease in plasma leptin. Our results support the hypothesis that LAGB works in part by suppressing the rise in ghrelin that normally accompanies weight loss. Unchanged concentrations of insulinotropic and digestive hormones suggest that gastrointest...
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PMID: 18408980
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The treatment options for morbid obesity are few, and bariatric interventions have become a common intervention to treat large excesses in adiposity. The mechanisms explaining the large weight losses and the notable long-term maintenance that characterize bariatric interventions have intrigued resea...
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PMID: 18685463
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We investigated the impacts of intravenous (IV) injection of obestatin on rat colonic motor and secretory functions. Colonic transit time, fecal pellet output, and fecal content were measured in freely fed, conscious rats, which were chronically implanted with IV and colonic catheters. To test the v...
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PMID: 18565623
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Regulatory Peptides (149)1-3 2008
Abstract
We review three of those mechanisms. First, the BBB selectively transports some peptides and regulatory proteins in the blood-to-brain or the brain-to-blood direction. The ability of GI hormones to affect functions of the BBB, as illustrated by the ability of insulin to alter the BBB transport of am...
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PMID: 18486244
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Endocrinology (198)2 2008
Abstract
We characterized obestatin in both rat and human stomach, and investigated the peptide's effect on feeding behavior. Using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with RIAs specific for rat and human obestatin, we detected a very small amount of obestatin, compared with ghrelin...
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PMID: 18480381
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Advances in the understanding of appetite are leading to a refined concept of disease cachexia and point to novel therapeutic strategies based on the manipulation of appetite. The complex social and psychological short-term influences on appetite obscure the fact that over the longer term appetite is...
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PMID: 18452642
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Molecular Endocrinology (22)8 2008
Abstract
Smallie (slie), a spontaneous, autosomal-recessive mutation causes dwarfing and infertility in mice. The purpose of this study was to determine and characterize the underlying molecular genetic basis for its phenotype. The slie locus was mapped to chromosome 1, and fine-structure mapping narrowed th...
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PMID: 18483174
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The first enantioselective synthesis of (D)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-5,5-difluoro-5-phenyl-pentanoic acid 3 was achieved. The incorporation of the titled compound into growth hormone secretagogue (GHS) compounds resulted in new analogs 10 and 16, both of which had significantly increased in vitro...
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PMID: 18554903
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Clinical Cancer Research (14)13 2008
Abstract
Lymph nodes from control protein-immunized mice did not show any macroscopic abnormalities, whereas tumor peptide-treated mice revealed in general profoundly enlarged lymph nodes. In tetramer analysis of paratumorous lymph nodes, 1.9% to 3.1% of all infiltrating CD8(+) T cells were specific for one...
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PMID: 18594013
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Clinical Cancer Research (14)13 2008
Abstract
Loss of GKN1 and GKN2 expression occurs frequently in gastric adenocarcinomas, especially in the diffuse subtype. GKN1 and GKN2 loss are associated with shorter overall survival in the intestinal subtype....
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PMID: 18593995
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.