Abstract
Immunohistochemical techniques detect antigens in tissue sections by means of immunological and chemical reactions. This technique is highly sensitive and specific and can detect a wide variety of antigens in multiple animal species. This chapter reviews common immunohistochemical methods used in th...
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PMID: 20972748
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Abstract
We report a mechanistic study of how flow and recirculation in a microreactor can be used to optimize the capture and release of stimuli-responsive polymer-protein reagents on stimuli-responsive polymer-grafted channel surfaces. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) was grafted to polydimethylsiloxa...
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PMID: 20882219
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Luminol functionalized gold nanoparticles were used as labels for electrochemiluminescence signal amplification and an ultrasensitive, highly selective, convenient, low cost DNA detection strategy was developed.
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PMID: 20852765
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have revealed, for the first time, that the slight difference between the local structures of amino acid residues at the middle sites, SER45 and THR35 for streptavidin and avidin, respectively, strongly affects the microscopic reaction processes, i.e., the variation governs the type of bond as we...
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PMID: 20725689
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have developed an immunomicroarray for systematic studies of the binding properties of 10 different micro-/nano-sized streptavidin-functionalized beads to a biotin substrate immobilized on SiO(2) with or without surface modification. SiO(2) surface cleaning, immobilized substrate concentration an...
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PMID: 20417734
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We demonstrate label-free optical biosensing using a horizontal air-slotted silicon-rich silicon nitride (SiNx) microdisk resonator. Due to the strong confinement of light in the air-slot, a large resonance shift of 6.2 nm is observed upon reaction of the biotin-functionalized disk with a streptavid...
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PMID: 20940958
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Abstract
We introduced a novel theoretical framework for counting the number of emitting molecules by analyzing photon-distributions acquired with a confocal microscope using four single-photon detectors. Here, we present the experimental realization of the proposed scheme in a confocal setup using novel mul...
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PMID: 20603676
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We report an approach utilizing a suspended nanoparticle crystal (S-NPC) as an electrical read-out biosensor based on a nanofluidic electrokinetics principle. As a preliminary demonstration, streptavidin-modified S-NPC with a particle diameter of 520 nm was used to detect biotin in a PBS buffer. The...
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PMID: 20544114
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We propose a platform for label-free optical biosensors based on applying the analyte onto a surface-functionalized photonic crystal slab and performing a transmission measurement with two crossed polarization filters. This dark-field approach allows for efficient background suppression as only the...
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PMID: 20940807
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Abstract
A biocompatible post-polymerization functionalization reaction takes advantage of a polymer's structural motif for the controllable attachment of biotin as a model biosensor that responds to streptavidin.
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PMID: 20596563
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A biotin derivative, namely biotin-aminocaproic acid-lysine (BAL), was synthesized with solid-phase chemistry, conjugated to a carrier-protein, and used for rabbit immunization. The aminocaproic acid-lysine "long-arm" was used in order to project the biotin-hapten above the carrier-protein surface....
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PMID: 19950001
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A sensitive aptamer based electrochemical biosensor to detect human immunoglobulin E (IgE) is presented in this study. 5' Biotin labeled 45 mer DNA aptamer sequence was immobilized onto streptavidin coated graphite surfaces. Interaction between human IgE and DNA aptamer was monitored by Electrochemi...
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PMID: 20426746
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The differing bioconjugation efficiencies of quantum dots (QDs) are a practical obstacle to their popularization. Differences in bioconjugation efficiency based on immunostaining the same targeted molecules using different batches of QDs need to be evaluated prior to their application. In this paper...
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PMID: 20719046
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Abstract
Stepwise introduction of multiple streptavidin tetramers into a nanoarray formed in a stick-like punched DNA origami as well as selective removal of predetermined tetramer from the array were successfully achieved by applying a programmed strand displacement technique to a DNA origami scaffold.
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PMID: 20532403
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Abstract
We introduce a method for the acquisition of single molecule force measurements of ligand-receptor interactions using the photonic force microscope (PFM). Biotin-functionalized beads, manipulated with an optical trap, and a streptavidin-functionalized coverslip were used to measure the effect of dif...
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PMID: 20516583
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We examined the effect on drug delivery of liposomes with surfaces that were modified with branched oligoglycerols (BGLs) and explored possible formulation advantages to increase drug exposure. BGL012 is a branched oligoglycerol derivative with a cascade-like structure of 12 glycerol units, characte...
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PMID: 20298767
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A sensitive and selective method for the determination of 17beta-oestradiol by fluorescence immunoassay (FIA) was established on the basis of quantum dots (QDs) as label. The complex of biotin-labelled anti-rabbit IgG and strepavidin conjugated by quantum dots (QD-SA) was regarded as a probe in this...
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PMID: 20152848
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have successfully obtained bifunctional fusion protein hIL21-SA and SA- hIL21,which will provide a basis for further study of tumor biotherapy using the proteins....
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PMID: 20584646
PDF is available here.
Abstract
An ultrasensitive assay for electrical biosensing of syphilis DNA was proposed by using target-guided formation of polyaniline (PANI) based on an enzymatically catalyzed method. The sensitive biodetection relies on the DNA hybridization and biotin-streptavidin interaction. After coupling of biotinyl...
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PMID: 20207129
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We report on a rapid method for DNA hybridisation and isolation within a microfluidic device, where all reaction and washing steps are performed in continuous flow in an automated fashion within less than two minutes. Magnetic particles were used as a solid support and manipulated through laminar fl...
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PMID: 20181469
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We present a circuit architecture scalable for larger sensor arrays (64 individually addressable sensors) while maintaining a high readout rate (scanning the entire array in less than 4s). The system utilizes both time domain multiplexing and frequency domain multiplexing in order to achieve this sc...
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PMID: 20207130
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Many biosensor applications are based on streptavidin (SA) binding to partially biotinylated self-assembled thiol monolayers (SAMs). In our study, binary SAMs on gold were prepared from solutions containing 16-mercapto-1-hexadecanol (thiol I) and N-(8-biotinyl-3,6-dioxa-octanamidyl)-16-mercaptohexad...
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PMID: 20158172
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We report upon the application of quantum dot barcodes prepared by layer-by-layer biological self-assembly of quantum dot-biotin and quantum dot-streptavidin conjugates on magnetic beads for qualitative multiplexed immunoassay.
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PMID: 20369192
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Fluorophore-labeled bioprobes are the key for fluorescent-labeled imaging technology. In the present work, mouse liver hepatoma cell line BNL 1ME A.7R.1 (MEAR)-specific ssDNA aptamer TLS9a was used to fabricate quantum dot-labeled aptamer bioprobe (QD-Apt), which was obtained by conjugating streptav...
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PMID: 20188954
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have developed the first example of a one-donor/three-acceptor multicolor time-resolved fluorescence energy transfer (TR-FRET) system, and we have exemplified its use by monitoring a ligand-regulated protein-protein exchange process in a four-component biological system. By careful quantification...
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PMID: 20230029
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We reported recently that a three-component nanoparticle, consisting of a targeting antibody, a transfecting peptide and an 111In-antiRIalpha MORF antisense oligomer, provided Auger electron-mediated, antisense-mediated, cytotoxicity of cells in culture. We have now measured the cytotoxicity of the...
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PMID: 20738069
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We analyzed the ability of non-covalently linked PTDs to internalize the model binding proteins streptavidin (SA) and Strep-Tactin (ST). Notably, inside the cell, the PTD-Strep-tag II ligand used for internalization of SA was displaced by the model target biotin which exhibits a higher binding affin...
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PMID: 20198304
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A sensitive biotin-streptavidin amplified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (BA-ELISA) method was developed for the determination of chloramphenicol residues in milk. The biotin-streptavidin system was applied to enhance the sensitivity. After optimization, the detection limit of the method was foun...
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PMID: 20192212
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Qualitative and quantitative aspects of protein interactions with membranes may be studied by optical sensors. Biacore offers two dedicated chips for working with lipids and membranes: the L1 and HPA sensor chips. The L1 chip is the most frequently used in protein-membrane interaction studies and it...
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PMID: 20217623
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We report the selection of a group of aptamer candidates (85 mer) against streptavidin. Through comparing the predicted secondary structures of all the candidates, a conservative bulge-hairpin structure section (about 29 mer) was found, and then it was determined to be the binding motif to streptavi...
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PMID: 20153201
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We propose a new method for in vivo production of artificial RNAs using the marine phototrophic bacterium Rhodovulum sulfidophilum. Using engineered plasmids and this bacterium, which produces extracellular nucleic acids in nature, we developed a method for extracellular production of a streptavidin...
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PMID: 19966026
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A magnetic modulation biosensing system (MMB) [1,2] rapidly and homogeneously detected biological targets at low concentrations without any washing or separation step. When the IL-8 target was present, a 'sandwich'-based assay attached magnetic beads with IL-8 capture antibody to streptavidin couple...
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PMID: 20616784
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Cells have evolved sophisticated molecular machinery, such as kinesin motor proteins and microtubule filaments, to support active intracellular transport of cargo. While kinesins tail domain binds to a variety of cargoes, kinesins head domains utilize the chemical energy stored in ATP molecules to s...
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PMID: 21085103
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We describe complementary ATP-dependent RNA-DNA helicase and streptavidin displacement assays that can be used to monitor in vitro Rho's motor activity in a more direct and quantitative manner....
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PMID: 20225147
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Liposomes prepared with biotinylated phospholipids and luminol entrapped were shown to be of 187 nm in size, 59% of which were unilamellar and with 43% luminol trapping efficiency. Liposome prepared from biotinylated phospholipids with a longer hydrophilic PEG2000 spacer, but not with the shorter hy...
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PMID: 20631437
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We demonstrate the considerable benefits of ssDNA production by lambda exonuclease digestion for in vitro selection of DNA aptamers. We believe that the generation of ssDNA aptamers using this method will greatly improve the success rate of SELEX experiments concerning the recovery of target-specifi...
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PMID: 20110867
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Using this biotin label-based antibody array technology, the expression levels of 507 human, 308 mouse and 90 rat target proteins can be simultaneously detected, including of cytokines, chemokines, adipokines, growth factors, angiogenic factors, proteases, soluble receptors, soluble adhesion molecul...
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PMID: 20551245
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Semi-conducting nanocrystals represent a new class of fluorescent inorganic objects which have a promising perspective for the application in biology and medicine. The aim of the current work was a determination of advantages and shortcimingss of quantum dots (QD) application in immunocytochemistry....
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PMID: 20960719
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a highly sensitive method for the detection of molecular interactions. One interacting partner is immobilized on the sensor chip surface while the other is injected across the sensor surface. This chapter focuses on high-affinity immobilization of protein substrate...
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PMID: 20217614
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A novel method to significantly enhance fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) signal which occurred from fluoresceine isothiocyanate (FITC) to Dylight 549 was studied in this paper. Streptavidin was labeled with the donor fluorophore FITC and biotinamide was conjugated to the acceptor Dyligh...
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PMID: 19836503
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We introduce an integrated method, biotin tagging coupled with amino acid-coded mass tagging, for highly sensitive and accurate screening of mammalian protein-protein interactions. Without the need of establishing a stable cell line, using a short peptide tag which could be specifically biotinylated...
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PMID: 19834888
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We systematically analyzed different multimerization domains in respect to three key parameters, crucial for the high-throughput generation of binders. (i) The compatibility to be displayed on phage (assessed for at least three different antibody formats, scFv, Fab and scFab) in combination with fiv...
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PMID: 19631299
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We show that dynamic covalent chemistry is an efficient tool for functionalizing surfaces in such a way that their interfacial properties can be varied controllably in space and time. Modulation of pH is used to tune the fast, selective and reversible attachment of functional amines (with different...
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PMID: 21378957
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We present two strategies for attaching self-assembled DNA arrays to the surfaces of cells. Our first approach uses biotin-streptavidin interactions to bind DNA architectures to biotinylated cells. The second approach takes advantage of specific antibody-cell surface interactions, conjugated arrays...
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PMID: 19754205
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We introduce a new method to accomplish this goal, which we call steric trapping. In the steric trap method, the target protein is labeled with two biotin tags placed close in space so that both biotin tags can only be bound by streptavidin when the protein unfolds. Thus, binding of the second strep...
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PMID: 19739627
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We describe the use of a delivery nanoparticle, in which streptavidin served as a convenient bridge between a biotinylated oligomer and a biotinylated cell-membrane-penetrating peptide, to improve the delivery of an antisense phosphorodiamidate morpholino (MORF) oligomer in vivo. A biotinylated (99m...
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PMID: 19877887
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We introduce an automated immunoblotting method that reports protein electrophoretic mobility and identity in a single streamlined microfluidic assay. Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) was integrated with subsequent in situ immunoblotting. Integration of three PA gel elements into a g...
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PMID: 19731927
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We demonstrated the detachment of covalent-bonded streptavidin from the bead surface after alkaline treatment. The eluates were also contaminated with undesired biotinylated strands. Furthermore, a streptavidin-induced aggregation of target cells was demonstrated by flow cytometry and microscopic me...
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PMID: 19732022
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This article presents a prototype of a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-encoded magnetic bead of 8mum diameter. The core part of the bead is composed of a magnetic nanoparticle (NP)-embedded sulfonated polystyrene bead. The outer part of the bead is embedded with Ag NPs on...
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PMID: 19433055
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We propose an original concept for a sandwich immunoassay that is completely performed on-chip using streptavidin-coated beads as substrate. The latter are electrostatically self-assembled on aminosilane micropatterns at the bottom of a microfluidic channel. We use mouse IgG diluted in phosphate buf...
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PMID: 19572553
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is widely used in biosensors and immunoassays thanks to the high sensitivity and specificity of the electrochemically triggered luminescence signal. So far, no applications have been reported on the use of ECL as a probe for ultrasensitive low-light microscope imaging....
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PMID: 19555079
PDF is available here.
Gabriel A Kwong,
Caius G Radu,
Kiwook Hwang,
Chengyi J Shu,
Chao Ma,
Richard C Koya,
Begonya Comin-Anduix,
Sine Reker Hadrup,
Ryan C Bailey,
Owen N Witte,
Ton N Schumacher,
Antoni Ribas and
James R Heath
Abstract
We report on a platform for the detection of antigen-specific T cells on glass substrates that offers significant advantages over existing surface-bound schemes. In this approach, called "Nucleic Acid Cell Sorting (NACS)", single-stranded DNA oligomers conjugated site-specifically to p/MHC tetramers...
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PMID: 19552409
PDF is available here.
Abstract
In the absence of applied forces, the transport of molecules and particulate reagents across laminar flowstreams in microfluidic devices is dominated by the diffusivities of the transported species. While the differential diffusional properties between smaller and larger diagnostic targets and reage...
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PMID: 19568666
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Two water-soluble "through-bond energy transfer cassettes" (TBET-cassettes) were prepared. They have good extinction coefficients at the donor part and transfer energy to the acceptor parts with good "overall quantum yields" (0.30 and 0.24 in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer). Fluorescence resonance energy t...
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PMID: 19566090
PDF is available here.
M U Kaikkonen,
H P Lesch,
J Pikkarainen,
J K Räty,
T Vuorio,
T Huhtala,
M Taavitsainen,
T Laitinen,
P Tuunanen,
O Gröhn,
A Närvänen,
K J Airenne and
S Ylä-Herttuala
Abstract
We have developed a dual-imaging strategy based on avidin-biotin system allowing easy exchange of the surface ligand on HIV-derived lentivirus envelope. This was achieved by displaying avidin or streptavidin fused to the transmembrane anchor of vesicular stomatitis virus G protein on gp64-pseudotype...
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PMID: 19440224
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We present here an alternative M-SELEX method, which employs a disposable microfluidic chip to rapidly generate aptamers with high affinity and specificity. The micromagnetic separation (MMS) chip integrates microfabricated ferromagnetic structures to reproducibly generate large magnetic field gradi...
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PMID: 19480397
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Fibrin sealants have been proposed as depot matrices for substances due to their biocompatibility, advantageous biological properties, and widespread use in wound healing. This study showed possibilities for a continuous and controlled release of pharmaceutically active substances out of a fibrin mat...
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PMID: 19267301
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The early stages of aggregation kinetics in a binary mixture of asymmetric colloids, aggregating irreversibly via biotin-streptavidin bonds, are experimentally and numerically studied. Experiments are performed by DLS methods, and data are analyzed in terms of a Smoluchowski-like coagulation equatio...
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PMID: 19374359
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We present methods for the preparation of GPCR-containing membrane nanopatches that appear to have the shapes of nanovesicles, labeling of proteins in membrane vesicles, in addition to the coupling of quantum dots (QDs) to peptide ligands. Further, we demonstrate that reliable binding information ca...
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PMID: 19513661
PDF is available here.