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Cloaca (0):
Recent article
Cloaca
Development (138)10 2011
Abstract
We report that insertion of the ND into the cloaca is an unrecognized but crucial step that is required for proper positioning of the ureter and that depends on Ret signaling. Analysis of Ret mutant mice at birth reveals hydronephrosis and defective ureter maturation, abnormalities that our results...
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PMID: 21521737
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
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Abstract
Abstract
Male and female plethodontid salamanders have specialized cloacal glands associated with the reproductive activity. The reproductive cycle in Bolitoglossa nicefori is characterized by males that are potentially reproductive throughout the year, and females that are reproductive only...
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PMID: 21235010
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We report the first isolation of AIV from American White Pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos; Pelecaniformes) in North America. Two H13N9 AIVs were isolated from hatchling birds in breeding colonies in Minnesota, USA, during 2007 and 2008. Based on molecular sequencing of the hemagglutinin and neura...
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PMID: 20966281
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
To evaluate the presence of Escherichia coli O157, cloacal swabs were collected from 60 adult frogs kept as pets and analyzed by culture methods and multiplex polymerase chain reaction for stx1, stx2, and E. coli attaching and effacing (eae) and hly genes. The pathogen was isolated from two samples...
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PMID: 20688702
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We re-evaluated existing literature related to AI virus in this species and tested breeding populations of Canada Geese from three states (Georgia, West Virginia, and Minnesota, USA) by virus isolation and serology. The ability of AI virus to persist in goose feces under experimental conditions also...
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PMID: 20688710
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A 4-year-old blue-fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva) was admitted for vocalization secondary to constipation. Saline infusion cloacoscopy revealed the presence of a 2-cm-diameter cloacolith within the coprodeum that was obstructing the rectal opening. The cloacolith was fragmented with a pair o...
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PMID: 20806660
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Children with anorectal malformations (ARMs) constitute a significant group within a pediatric surgery practice. In females, the most common ARM is an imperforate anus with a rectovestibular fistula, followed by an imperforate anus with a rectoperineal fistula and then cloacal anomalies. Some malfor...
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PMID: 20307850
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We describe lessons learned from the authors' series of patients born with the most complex of congenital anorectal problems, cloacal malformations, with the hope to convey the improved understanding and surgical treatment of the condition's wide spectrum of complexity learned from patients cared fo...
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PMID: 20307849
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Veterinary Parasitology (169)1-2 2010
Abstract
Coccidiosis is an economically important disease in chickens, caused by infection with Eimeria species parasites. Diagnosis of coccidiosis is frequently based on oocyst enumeration in pooled faecal samples or litter. In studies on infection dynamics and for monitoring in the field, samples from indi...
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PMID: 20083358
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We studied the virus growth, pathogenicity, and phylogenetic information of this hawk-eagle isolate. The highest virus titer was found in the brain (10(7.25 )EID(50)/g), followed by trachea and muscle (10(2.65) and 10(2.50) EID(50)/g, respectively). Sequence analysis at the hemagglutinin (HA) cleava...
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PMID: 20009423
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Avian Diseases (54)1 Suppl 2010
Abstract
A real-time reverse transcription PCR (RRT-PCR) targeting a highly conserved HA2 H7 region was developed for the detection of all H7 subtype avian influenza viruses (PanH7). The wide phylogenetic scope and analytical sensitivity and specificity were validated with the use of a panel of 56 diverse in...
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PMID: 20521706
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Avian Diseases (54)1 Suppl 2010
Abstract
Avian influenza virus (AIV) prevalence in wild aquatic bird populations varies with season, geographic location, host species, and age. It is not clear how age at infection affects the extent of viral shedding. To better understand the influence of age at infection on viral shedding of wild bird-ori...
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PMID: 20521698
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Avian Diseases (54)1 Suppl 2010
Abstract
The role of wild ducks as vectors of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) is well known but the immune response induced by AIV has different patterns according to the species of duck. The local antibody produced on the mucosal surface may play an important role not only in protection but also in limitatio...
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PMID: 20521711
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Avian Diseases (54)1 Suppl 2010
Abstract
We exclude the confirmation RT-PCR test, cost analysis for our laboratory indicates that RRT-PCR is an economical choice for screening samples before doing virus isolation in ECE if the AIV frequency is low in the samples. In contrast, isolation in ECE via CAS and YS inoculation routes without presc...
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PMID: 20521702
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We describe an infant with OEIS complex and 1p36 deletion who had features of both disorders, including omphalocele, cloacal exstrophy, imperforate anus, sacral multiple segmentation, renal malposition and malrotation, genital anomalies, diastasis of the symphysis pubis, microbrachycephaly, large an...
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PMID: 20101692
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We present a case of a newborn of indeterminate sex with anomalies of the lower limbs, and an anterior abdominal wall defect. External genitalia were not observed, ectrodactyly of lower limbs, omphalocele, lipomeningocele and imperforate anus were detected. During the diagnostic and therapeutic surg...
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PMID: 20204225
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
When recognized in the extremely premature infant in the delivery room, ambiguous genitalia is a devastating diagnosis. It can be even more so, if the diagnosis is made several weeks later. The case study reported here illustrates this point. A 24-week Twin B infant born with multiple congenital ano...
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PMID: 20211828
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) is routinely used for the rapid detection of Avian influenza virus (AIV) in clinical samples, but inhibitory substances present in some clinical specimens can reduce or block PCR amplification. Most commercial RNA extractio...
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PMID: 19901277
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Development (136)15 2009
Abstract
We conditionally removed Fgf8 from the cloacal/urethral epithelium. Surprisingly, Fgf8 is not necessary for initiation, outgrowth or normal patterning of the external genitalia. In early genital tubercles, we found no redundant Fgf expression in the urethral epithelium, which contrasts with the situ...
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PMID: 19592577
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Avian Pathology (38)4 2009
Abstract
Pekin ducks were infected by the mucosal route (oral, nasal, ocular) with one of two strains of Eurasian lineage H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus: A/Muscovy duck/Vietnam/453/2004 and A/duck/Indramayu/BBVW/109/2006 (from Indonesia). Ducks were killed humanely on days 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 afte...
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PMID: 19937511
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Cryptosporidiosis has a worldwide geographical and zoological distribution. Cryptosporidium baileyi oocysts were isolated from the bursa of Fabricius (BF) of 4 weeks-old of 100 broilers. Twenty five broiler chicks of 2 day old free from cryptosporidial infection were inoculated intratracheally at a...
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PMID: 19795766
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
There was fresh blood-staining of the feathers around the vent. The dorsal mucosal wall of the proctodeum was erythematous and roughened in appearance. An endoscopic biopsy was performed, and histological examination revealed multiple fronds of epithelium; the mucosa varied from simple to pseudostra...
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PMID: 19649020
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We report antigenic, sequence, and phylogenetic analyses of H7N3 viruses isolated from chickens in Pakistan from 1995 to 2002. We compared the pathogenic and zoonotic potential of the Pakistani viruses in avian and mammalian hosts. In chickens, all of the isolates showed high pathogenicity with poor...
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PMID: 19535120
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
An 11-year-old female consulted our department with complaints of urinary incontinence and pyuria. She had had a cloacal repair 7 years ago. The radiograph showed four stones in the pelvis. Magnetic resonance imaging showed two diverticula next to the urethra and several low intensity masses in one...
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PMID: 19588869
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The present study investigates the effects of temporal synergism of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) and L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) and pineal function (pinealectomy and melatonin administration) on gonadal response and nitric oxide (NO) activity in Japanese quail. Three-week-old male quails were...
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PMID: 19261427
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Urocortin (UCN) is a 40 aminoacid peptide which belongs to corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family. This family of peptides stimulates the secretion of proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived peptides, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), beta-endorphin and melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) in the...
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PMID: 19864211
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The prevalence and characteristics of eae- and stx-positive Escherichia coli strains in wild birds in the immediate environment of Tokyo Bay, Japan, was examined using cloacal swab samples taken from 447 birds belonging to 62 species. PCR screening showed that the prevalences of stx- and eae-positiv...
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PMID: 18997019
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Hormones and Behavior (55)1 2009
Abstract
Demasculinizing action of embryonic estrogen on crowing behavior in male Japanese quails was examined. Eggs were treated with either 20 microg of estradiol benzoate (EB) or vehicle on the 10th day of incubation. Chicks hatched from both groups of eggs were injected daily with either testosterone pro...
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PMID: 18848946
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We demonstrate that Hh signalling is absolutely required for the formation of the zebrafish cloaca and that the severity of the posterior gut abnormalities induced by a reduction in Hh activity is dependent on the levels of Hh signal transduction. The complete loss of all Hh activity results in the...
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PMID: 19123126
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Five variants of regeneration of the digestive system in holothurians are recognized on the basis of original and published data. They depend on presence of organs remains, ability of cells for de-differentiation, damage type, and ontogenetic stage. Regeneration occurs in all cases by means of diffe...
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PMID: 19799326
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Veterinary Record (164)1 2009
Abstract
Abstract
We show that H9N2 viruses isolated from Israeli turkeys during 2000-2004 were antigenically and genetically distinguishable. These three H9N2 viruses caused no overt signs of disease in chickens. The 2004 isolate replicated and spread most efficiently, and chickens previously inoculated with this H9...
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PMID: 18992907
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
[Surveillance of wild birds for avian influenza A virus (AIV) in Bavaria in the years 2007 and 2008]
Abstract
A monitoring programme has been initiated in Bavaria to continuously control wild birds for the presence of avian Influenza A virus (AIV) and to monitor the possible occurrence and accumulation of notifiable AIV subtypes as an early-warning system. In addition information about the regional, seasona...
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PMID: 19999383
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The aim of this research was to identify the presence of integrons among Escherichia coli strains isolated from poultry and swine and to characterize the topological association of these integrons with resistance genes and assess their potential ability to transfer these elements by conjugation. One...
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PMID: 19090720
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
HNK-1 labelled all ganglia in the myenteric and submucosal plexuses of the cloaca, whilst the quail-specific QCPN antibody labelled all ganglia derived from the transplanted quail vagal neural tube. NOS- and VIP-immunoreactive neurons appeared to make up a large proportion of the quail-derived vagal...
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PMID: 18956196
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We may speculate that there is correlation between the infection with PsHV-1 and the development of cloacal adenomas, adenocarcinomas in the pancreas and carcinomas of the bile ducts. Our results indicate that there may be a higher susceptibility in certain amazon species, while other species may no...
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PMID: 19113029
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Avian Diseases (52)4 2008
Abstract
These results highlight the importance of programs targeted at the reduction of Campylobacter in poultry products, in order to minimize the risks for consumers....
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PMID: 19166063
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We propose that the described isolates from corvid birds belong to a novel species within genus Brachyspira, with the provisional name ”Brachyspira corvi” (cor'vi. L gen. n. corvi, of a crow)....
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PMID: 18952187
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Virology (82)22 2008
Abstract
We describe the pathogenicity of dominant clades (clades 1 and 2) of H5N1 influenza A viruses circulating in birds in Asia. Four representatives of dominant clades of the viruses cause symptomatic infection but lead to different profiles of lethality in domestic ducks. We also demonstrate the effica...
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PMID: 18786988
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We assessed the ability of inactivated, oil-emulsion vaccines derived from La Sota or Ulster 2C NDV strains to protect chickens from challenge with Kr-005/00, which is a recently isolated Korean epizootic genotype VII strain. Six-week-old SPF chickens were vaccinated once and challenged three weeks...
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PMID: 18716450
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We determined to what extent different keeping systems influence bacterial resistance patterns. For this purpose, samples from 10 organic and 10 conventional flocks in Bavaria (Germany) were investigated four times between January 2004 and April 2005. Altogether, 799 cloacal swabs and 800 eggs (cont...
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PMID: 18667026
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Importance of rectal signal on fetal magnetic resonance imaging in patients having hydrometrocolpos.
Abstract
Hormones and Behavior (54)4 2008
Abstract
We asked here whether testosterone-dependent POM plasticity could be observed at shorter latencies. Brains from castrated male quail were collected after 1, 2, 7 and 14 days of T treatment (CX+T) and compared to brains of untreated castrates (CX) collected after 1 or 14 days. POM volumes defined eit...
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PMID: 18452920
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Poultry Science (87)9 2008
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common causes of acute enteritis worldwide. Chickens are believed to be the main reservoir of C. jejuni. The role that host genetics play in resistance/susceptibility to C. jejuni colonization in broilers is still not clear. Day-old broilers from 2 parental li...
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PMID: 18753441
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Avian influenza (AI) viruses have been sporadically isolated in South America. The most recent reports are from an outbreak in commercial poultry in Chile in 2002 and its putative ancestor from a wild bird in Bolivia in 2001. Extensive surveillance in wild birds was carried out in Argentina during 2...
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PMID: 18632129
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Veterinary Record (163)9 2008
Abstract
Abstract
Medical Mycology (46)5 2008
Abstract
Over the last decades, reports on yeast infections in humans have increased especially with respect to immunocompromised individuals. Phospholipases are enzymes which may be associated with pathogenic processes caused by opportunistic yeasts. Phospholipase activity (ph.a.) was investigated in 163 is...
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PMID: 18608940
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We tested whether the sex pheromones that stimulate courtship clasping in male roughskin newts do so, at least in part, by amplifying the somatosensory signals that directly trigger the motor pattern associated with clasping and, if so, whether that amplification is dependent on endogenous vasotocin...
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PMID: 18445557
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Veterinary Parasitology (154)3-4 2008
Abstract
Our objective was to investigate the chicken antibody response to the different parasite life cycle stages following infection with an attenuated strain of Eimeria tenella. Western blotting analysis of parasite antigens prepared from the lining of caeca infected with the attenuated strain of E. tene...
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PMID: 18495349
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Veterinary Record (162)25 2008
Abstract
Cloacal swabs were collected from 280 captive psittacine birds belonging to 13 species. Samples of dna were tested by PCR using a pair of primers that amplify a 284 base pair fragment of the Salmonella genus invA gene, and the PCR-positive samples were tested by standard microbiological techniques....
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PMID: 18567929
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Mediterranean herring gulls (Larus cachinnans) were investigated as a possible reservoir of antibiotic resistant bacteria and of cassette-borne resistance genes located in class 1 integrons. Two hundred and fourteen isolates of the family Enterobacteriaceae were collected from cloacal swabs of 92 ch...
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PMID: 18476779
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of turkey astrovirus (TAstV) capsid and polymerase genes was applied to the bursa of Fabricius (BF), thymus (TH), spleen (SP) and cloacal swabs (CS) of young poults with "Poult enteritis complex" (PEC). The histological lesions included atroph...
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PMID: 18628608
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Developmental Biology (318)1 2008
Abstract
We have taken advantage of the properties of Shh expression to genetically label and follow the fate of posterior gut endoderm during anogenital development. We report that the entire urethra, including the distal (glandar) region, is derived from endoderm. Cloacal endoderm also gives rise to the ep...
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PMID: 18439576
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Poultry Science (87)6 2008
Abstract
Eggs obtained from broiler breeders at 32 (young), 42 (middle aged), and 65 wk (old) were used to measure the effects of heat acclimation during incubation on morphological, physiological, and metabolic traits at internal pipping (IP) and at hatch. All eggs were from the same stock, and hatching per...
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PMID: 18493014
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We report a novel method for molecular subtyping of avian influenza A virus hemagglutinin genes using degenerate primers designed to amplify all known hemagglutinin subtypes. It was shown previously that templates larger than 200 bp were not consistently amplifiable from ethanol-fixed cloacal swabs....
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PMID: 18308356
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Intramuscular injection of xylazine smoothly induced loss of the righting reflex within 3-4 minutes. Loss of response to a painful stimulus occurred at 13.1 +/- 2.9 minutes (mean +/- SD) after the administration of the D-K combination, and lasted for 63.0 +/- 5.3 minutes. Roosters anesthetized with...
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PMID: 18282251
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.