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Welcome to the Pubget Medical Subject Headings (MESH) browser. Click on a topic or subtopic below to explore related papers. In the gold box is the most recent paper about the current MESH term, and below are 20 related papers.
Ganglia, Invertebrate (0):
Recent article
Ganglia, Invertebrate
Tissue & Cell (42)5 2010
Abstract
Our results indicate the presence of a nitrergic signaling system in young and adult M. abbreviatus, and the probable involvement of glial cells in NO production.
Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved....
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PMID: 20817239
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
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Abstract
Although circadian rhythms are found in many peripheral tissues in insects, the control mechanism is still to be elucidated. To investigate the central and peripheral relationships in the circadian organization, circadian rhythms outside the optic lobes were examined in the cricket Gryllus bimaculat...
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PMID: 20416318
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We determined hemolymph levels of dopamine and its metabolite (N-acetyldopamine) in males at post-emergence days 0-16. The development of locomotor and flight activities were recorded over the same period. Hemolymph levels of dopamine and N-acetyldopamine were found to increase at the time of onset...
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PMID: 20303974
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Brain research (1349) 2010
Abstract
We have examined the effect of 5HT on electrical synapses possessing variable coupling strengths. While 5HT decreased electrical coupling at synapses with weak electrical connectivity, synapses with strong electrical coupling were less affected by 5HT treatment, as follows from the equations used fo...
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PMID: 20599836
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We found that NO-generating substances (SNP and SNAP) activated the buccal rhythm while slowing the endogenous rhythm of B2 bursters. The inhibitor of NO-synthase, L-NNA, the NO scavenger PTIO, or the inhibitor of soluble guanylyl cyclase, ODQ, each produced opposite, depolarising effects on the B2...
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PMID: 20559642
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We present an updated overview of the various rhythmic behaviours in the locust and aspects of their neural control. We focus on the fundamental concepts of multifunctional neuronal circuits, neural centre interactions and neuromodulation of CPG networks. We are certain that the very broad and solid...
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PMID: 20303972
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We investigate, for the first time, the neuronal composition of the locust HG, as well as its motor output. We identify rhythmic patterns endogenous to the isolated HG, demonstrating the presence of a central pattern-generating network. Our findings suggest interactions between the HG and FG rhythm-...
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PMID: 20417216
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have discovered that SD-like events occur in the CNS of an invertebrate model, Locusta migratoria. Locusts enter comas in response to stress during which neural and muscular systems shut down until the stress is removed, and this is believed to be an adaptive strategy to survive extreme environme...
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PMID: 20361971
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neuroscience (30)27 2010
Abstract
We used the dynamic clamp to create hybrid two-cell circuits built from four types of stomatogastric neurons coupled to the same model Morris-Lecar neuron by reciprocal inhibition. We measured six intrinsic properties (input resistance, minimum membrane potential, firing rate in response to +1 nA of...
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PMID: 20610748
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neuroscience (30)26 2010
Abstract
We hypothesized that repetition priming may involve persistent peptidergic neuromodulation. We find that these peptides produce priming-like effects, i.e., they increase the firing of radula-opening (B48) and radula-closing (B8) motoneurons during motor programs. Proekt et al. (2004, 2007) showed th...
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PMID: 20592213
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neuroscience (30)26 2010
Abstract
We show that postsynaptic IP(3)-mediated Ca(2+) release in response to a presynaptic tetanus in an SN that induces PTP can confer transient plasticity onto a neighboring SN synapse receiving subthreshold activation. This heterosynaptic sharing of plasticity represents a dynamic, short-term synaptic...
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PMID: 20592201
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neuroscience (30)25 2010
Abstract
We examined presynaptic growth, initial synapse formation, and the expression of the presynaptic neuropeptide sensorin following cell-specific reduction of ApCAM or of a novel PKC activity. Synapse formation between sensory neurons and L7 begins by 3 h after plating and is accompanied by a rapid acc...
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PMID: 20573882
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Intracellular recording in the retina of the snail, Helix pomatia L., reveals the existence of two types of cell responsive to diffuse flashes of achromatic or monochromatic light: B-type cells, which respond with sustained depolarization that is sometimes accompanied by spikes, and D-type cells, wh...
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PMID: 20480676
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We verified the melatonin effects in the crab Neohelice granulata using low (0.002 and 0.02 pmol/crab) and high (2.0 and 20.0 pmol/crab) melatonin dosages in short-term (0.5h) and long-term (9.5h) experiments. We analyzed the antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals (ACAP), reactive oxygen spec...
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PMID: 19818787
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We looked at the effects of ETH in vivo and in vitro, on the brain and the ventral nerve cord to determine the roles played by these hormones. We monitored ecdysis onset and the presence of cGMP and eclosion hormone immunoreactivity. In vivo, only a fraction of larvae lacking the cell bodies contain...
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PMID: 19699740
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neuroscience (30)4 2010
Abstract
We investigated the spike activity of brain neurons at the time of spontaneous initiation of walking in the crayfish Procambarus clarkii and found neuronal signals indicative of readiness or preparatory activities in the vertebrate brain that precede the onset of voluntary actions. Those readiness d...
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PMID: 20107061
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We developed a new method of electrode fabrication that reduces the bulk of the electrodes inside the animal allowing for normal feeding movements. Using a combination of glues to attach the electrodes results in a more reliable insulation of the electrode which lasts longer, making it possible to r...
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PMID: 20543773
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
In a reduced preparation of Planorbarius corneus consisting of the CNS and mantle complex, both the dopamine precursor L-DOPA and the serotonin precursor 5-HTP have been found to be able to induce and maintain rhythmic pneumostome (PN) movements phase-coupled to fictive cyclic locomotion in a neurot...
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PMID: 20583619
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Summarized are results of the 40-year studies of the Russian biochemists on the comparative-enzymological characteristics of cholinesterase of optic ganglia of the Pacific squid Todarodes pacificus. The review includes the comparative evaluation of the cholinesterase activity of various hydrobiont t...
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PMID: 20297664
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Comparative study of substrate specificity of monoamine oxidase (MAO) of optic ganglia of the Pacific squid Todarodes pacificus and the Commander squid Berryteuthis magister has been carried out. The enzyme of the Pacific squid, unlike that of the Commander squid, has been established to be able to...
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PMID: 20583578
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Localization of metabotropic glutamate receptors (MGR) in head ganglion of honeybee Apis mellifera, and mechanisms of participation of activated MGR in CNS plasticity are investigated by means of complex approach using immunochemical, electrophysiological and behavioral methods. Influense of MGR act...
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PMID: 20583581
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neurophysiology (103)1 2010
Abstract
We have tested the role of this pathway in the heart of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus. We performed "de-efferentation" experiments in which we cut the motor neuron axons to the myocardium and "de-afferentation" experiments in which we cut or ligated the dendrites. In the isolated CG, these mani...
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PMID: 19828726
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We here model the locust flight pattern generator and proprioceptive feedback provided by the tegula wing receptor to test the functional significance of sensory pathways processing antagonistic information. We demonstrate that the tegula provides delayed positive feedback via interneuron 301, while...
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PMID: 19291377
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neurophysiology (102)2 2009
Abstract
We performed electrophysiological and behavioral experiments in single-leg preparations and intact animals of the stick insect Carausius morosus to understand mechanisms underlying the control of walking speed. At the level of the single leg, we found no significant correlation between stepping velo...
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PMID: 19535483
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neurophysiology (102)1 2009
Abstract
We can define a theoretical framework that is sufficiently general to predict phase-locking in actual biological CPGs, nor is it known why the CPGs that have been characterized are dominated by inhibition. Previously, we applied a method based on phase response curves measured using inputs of biolog...
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PMID: 19357337
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neurophysiology (102)1 2009
Abstract
We propose an alternate method in which functional PRCs (fPRCs) are generated using a train of pulses applied at a fixed delay after each spike, with the PRC measured when the phasic relationship between the stimulus and the subsequent spike in the neuron has converged. The essential information is...
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PMID: 19420126
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the neuropathological effect of the two carbamate pesticides: methomyl and methiocarb on the neurons of the buccal ganglia in the land snail Eobania vermiculata using topical application and baiting technique. Their in vivo effects on acetylcholinesteras...
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PMID: 18470629
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
In molluscs, the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) has been linked to a variety of biological roles including gamete maturation and spawning. The possible involvement of 5-HT in abalone gamete release was demonstrated by a dose-dependent increase in Haliotis rubra gonad contractile bioactivity follo...
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PMID: 19214554
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Lab Animal (38)3 2009
Abstract
Abstract
We show how to perform a complete dissection of the STNS in preparation for an electrophysiology experiment where the cells in the STG would be recorded from intracellularly and the peripheral nerves would be used for extracellular recordings. The proper technique for finding the desired nerves is s...
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PMID: 19308017
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
In this work,using the classical neurohistological Bielschowsky-Gros method, all the morphological phenomena were reproduced that were earlier interpreted by many authors as the signs of neuron division, budding and fission. It is suggested that these phenomena are associated with the effect of enucl...
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PMID: 20358769
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The goal of the work was to study the structure of neurons treated with proteases and to elucidate if this could lead to the formation of the interneuronal syncytial connections. In the first series of experiments, phase contrast observation of the living dissociated ganglionic neurons of the mollusc...
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PMID: 20210095
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Neuronal correlates of temperature dependence of alimentary behavior were studied in experiments on molluscs. It was found that a decrease of temperature led to suppression of food-procuring activity of the animals: to a decrease of the consumed food amount and of the number of food holes on the sub...
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PMID: 19569555
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The obtained and published data on pharynx regeneration in planarians have been reviewed. Planarians can regenerate from a small body fragment and restore all missing organs including the pharynx. The pharynx is a relatively autonomous organ with a differentiated structure and specialized function....
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PMID: 19326839
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The important role of direct action of a constant magnetic field (CMF) on a fabric of a brain in its realization neural-effects under condition of an irradiation of a head of an animal is shown. In experiments on rabbits it is statistically proved, that a various degree of neural isolation of a bark...
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PMID: 19368331
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neurochemistry (108)1 2009
Abstract
We found that regulation of ApGT1 during LTF appears to occur post-translationally. Serotonin (5-HT) a transmitter that induces LTF did not increase synthesis of ApGT1. A pool of ApGT1 appears to exist in sensory neuron somata, which is transported to the terminals by axonal transport. Blocking the...
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PMID: 19046322
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neuroscience (28)53 2008
Abstract
We show by targeted suppression of excitability that a pair of bursicon-immunoreactive neurons distinct from the B(AG) and located within the subesophageal ganglion in Drosophila (the B(SEG)) is involved in controlling wing expansion behaviors. Unlike the B(AG), the B(SEG) arborize widely in the ner...
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PMID: 19118171
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neuroscience (28)47 2008
Abstract
We investigated how a neural analog of a form of arousal induced by a mildly noxious stimulus can promote two antagonistic responses, locomotion and feeding. Two pairs of cerebral serotonergic interneurons in Aplysia, CC9 and CC10, were persistently activated by transient noxious stimuli. Direct sti...
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PMID: 19020028
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We identified TPep-like immunoreactive (TPep-LIR) neurons in diverse nudibranch species. All species examined had 2-7 large, TPep-LIR cells located in each pedal ganglion. The absolute size of the largest TPep-LIR neuron was correlated with foot size. Species with a bigger foot size tended to have l...
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PMID: 18815443
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We characterized a cDNA from the American lobster Homarus americanus (infraorder Astacidea) that encodes both TRPs: six copies of APSGFLGMRamide and one of TPSGFLGMRamide. Mass spectral analyses of the H. americanus supraoesophageal ganglion (brain) and commissural ganglia confirmed the presence of...
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PMID: 18706463
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Zoological Science (25)11 2008
Abstract
Abstract A new solitary entoproct, Loxosomella plakorticola sp. nov., was found on a sponge, Plakortis sp., on a coral reef slope on the western coast of Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. This species has a medium-sized body (up to about 1.2 mm), slender proportion (the stalk is 0.83-1.76 t...
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PMID: 19267628
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neurophysiology (100)5 2008
Abstract
We report here that the calpain inhibitors calpeptin, MG132, and the calpain inhibitor XII inhibit voltage-gated potassium conductance and moderately reduce the sodium conductance. These consequently lead to spike broadening and increased calcium influx. Such alterations of the excitable membrane pr...
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PMID: 18684908
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neurophysiology (100)5 2008
Abstract
We use the Drosophila genetic model system to test the effects of altered intrinsic excitability on postembryonic dendritic architecture development. Targeted dominant negative knock-downs of potassium channel subunits allow for selectively increasing the intrinsic excitability of a selected subset...
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PMID: 18715893
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neurophysiology (100)5 2008
Abstract
We study this phenomenon in an experimentally advantageous mechanoafferent in Aplysia, neuron B21. B21 has two processes within the CNS. One is ipsilateral to the soma and is referred to as the lateral process. The second travels into the contralateral hemiganglion and is referred to as the contrala...
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PMID: 18815343
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We investigated the neuronal structures of the proximal tibiae of Stenopelmatus spec. with the hypothesis that internal sensory structures are similar to those in tympanate Ensifera. In Stenopelmatus the complex tibial organ consists of three neuronal parts: the subgenual organ, the intermediate org...
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PMID: 18729154
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Endocrinology (149)10 2008
Abstract
We characterized an oxytocin-related peptide cDNA from a urochordate, Styela plicata, thought to be a sister group to vertebrates. Sequence analysis of the deduced precursor polypeptide revealed that the precursor is composed of three segments: a signal peptide, an oxytocin-like sequence flanked by...
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PMID: 18583415
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We extend this finding to show that either inhibiting protein phosphatase activity with okadaic acid (1 microM), or increasing protein kinase C (PKC) activity and therefore protein phosphorylation with bryostatin (0.25 ng/mL) treatment prior to ITM-training, results in a LTM. However, following righ...
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PMID: 18625329
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Nature Neuroscience (11)10 2008
Abstract
We found that in vitro analogs of operant conditioning produced a long-term (24 h) increase in the excitability of an identified neuron (B51) that is critical for the expression of feeding in Aplysia. This increase in excitability, which was cAMP dependent, contributed to the associative modificatio...
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PMID: 18776897
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Brain Research (1231) 2008
Abstract
These results suggest that the activated region of the mMtC plays an important role in olfactory processing, especially with respect to the functional differences between the superior and inferior tentacles....
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PMID: 18644350
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neuroscience (28)39 2008
Abstract
We compared the effects of neuromodulators on isolated embryonic and adult STG of the lobster, Homarus americanus. Bath application of Val(1)-SIFamide, a peptide whose expression is different in embryos and adults, activated different neuron classes in embryos and adults. Cancer borealis tachykinin-...
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PMID: 18815267
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neuroscience (28)38 2008
Abstract
We are studying feedback from the pyloric CPG to identified projection neurons that regulate the gastric mill CPG, in the crab stomatogastric nervous system. Both CPGs are located in the stomatogastric ganglion (STG) and are influenced by projection neurons originating in the paired commissural gang...
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PMID: 18799688
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We examined second-messenger pathways engaged by activity and reward and how they may provide a biochemical association underlying operant learning. Conditioning was blocked by Rp-cAMP, a peptide inhibitor of PKA, a PKC inhibitor, and by expressing a dominant-negative isoform of Ca2+-dependent PKC (...
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PMID: 18786364
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Engrailed (En) has an important role in neuronal development in vertebrates and invertebrates. In adult Drosophila, although En expression persists throughout adulthood, a detailed description of its expression in sensory neurons has not been made. In this study, en-GAL4 was used to drive UAS-CD8::GF...
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PMID: 18597129
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We investigate the role of the crayfish caudal photoreceptor (CPR) as a candidate to form part of this pacemaking circadian system. Two circadian rhythms are documented for CPR electrical activity. These rhythms correspond to the spontaneous and light-induced discharge of action potentials. The intr...
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PMID: 18563837
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biological Cybernetics (99)3 2008
Abstract
We examine the role of the A-current in the activity phase of a follower neuron in a rhythmic feed-forward inhibitory network with a reduced three-variable model and conduct experiments to verify the usefulness of our model. Using geometric analysis of dynamical systems, we explore the factors that...
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PMID: 18719938
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We tested the most widely held theory about the mode of action of petroleum spray oils (PSOs) on insects (i.e. anoxia). An nC24 petroleum oil was applied topically to cotton aphids (Aphis gossypii) and cluster caterpillars (Spodoptera litura), which then showed signs of mortality that are inconsiste...
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PMID: 18602441
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neuroscience (28)35 2008
Abstract
We explore the combined actions of two previously identified proprioceptors on the gastric mill motor network in the lobster stomatogastric nervous system. Both mechanoreceptors [anterior gastric receptor (AGR) and posterior stomach receptor (PSR)] access the gastric circuit via the same pair of ide...
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PMID: 18753383
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neuroscience (28)34 2008
Abstract
We have determined that an incipient synapse is present with a high penetrance in ben mutants, suggesting that Ben is required for a developmental step after target recognition. We used cell-autonomous rescue experiments to show that Ben has a presynaptic role in synapse growth. We then harnessed th...
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PMID: 18716220
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Brain Research (1225) 2008
Abstract
Simple photoreceptors, namely photoresponsive neurons without microvilli and/or cilia have long been known in the central ganglion of crayfish, Aplysia, Onchidium and Helix. Recently, similar simple photoreceptors, ipRGCs were discovered in the mammalian retinas. A characteristic common to all of th...
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PMID: 18538313
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neuroscience (155)2 2008
Abstract
The aim of this study was to show the presence, distribution and function of the pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) and its receptors in the CNS and peripheral nervous system of the mollusk, Helix pomatia. PACAP-like and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide rece...
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PMID: 18590802
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.