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Stomach, Ruminant
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) are non-nutritional components that occur in numerous feed materials and are able to exert toxic effects in animals. The current article aims to summarize innate defense strategies developed by different animal species to avoid excessive exposure to...
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PMID: 20041444
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PDF is available here.
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Biochemical Pharmacology (76)6 2008
Abstract
Flubendazole (FLBZ) is a broad-spectrum benzimidazole anthelmintic compound used in pigs, poultry and humans. Its potential for parasite control in ruminant species is under investigation. The objective of the work described here was to identify the main enzymatic pathways involved in the hepatic an...
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PMID: 18671949
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We assessed whether dietary compositions influence postprandial plasma ghrelin and GH levels in wethers. Four wethers were respectively fed concentrate (C) or timothy hay (R) for 14 days. The levels of total digestive nutrients (TDN) and crude protein (CP) were adjusted to be at the same level. The...
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PMID: 18258407
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Dairy Science (91)1 2008
Abstract
Selected vessel types and conditions used for in vitro fermentation were compared to evaluate their effects on determinations of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility (NDFD) in 2 replicate 48-h fermentations. Treatments included 50-mL polyethylene centrifuge tubes with gas-release valves (trea...
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PMID: 18096952
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
FEMS Microbiology Letters (265)2 2006
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify ruminal bacteria that form stearic acid (18 : 0) from linoleic acid (cis-9,cis-12-18 : 2). One 18 : 0-producing isolate, P-18, isolated from the sheep rumen was similar in morphology and metabolic properties to 'Fusocillus' spp. isolated many years ago. Phylogen...
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PMID: 17147764
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
I and CA II, in the gastrointestinal tract tissues of reindeer were identified by electrophoresis and substrate-inhibitory tests. The study of the tissue distribution and composition of the cytoplasmic isozymes has shown, that isozyme CA II is found in the forestomachs and the colon mucosal tissue,...
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PMID: 17290882
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Triclabendazole (TCBZ) is an halogenated benzimidazole (BZD) compound worldwide used to control immature and adult stages of the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica. The purpose of this investigation was to characterize in vitro the patterns of hepatic and ruminal biotransformation of TCBZ and its metabol...
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PMID: 16669866
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Control of parasitic gastroenteritis in small ruminants is threatened by the worldwide growing problem of anthelmintic resistance. Therefore, alternative approaches for worm control are imperative. Of utmost importance is to slow down selection pressure for anthelmintic resistance by using alternati...
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PMID: 15822446
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Bioresource Technology (90)1 2003
Abstract
We report the effect of three inhibitors on ruminal methane production in vitro. Mixed populations of ruminal microbes collected from cannulated cows maintained on an alfalfa hay:corn diet (50:50) were incubated at 39 degrees C for 24 h under a 100% carbon dioxide gas phase in closed tubes with 72 m...
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PMID: 12835058
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We fed calf starter and lucerne hay as well as milk replacer (group N) or fed milk replacer either with (group S) or without (group M) administration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) through polypropylene tubing into the forestomach until 13 weeks of age. The diets were fed at 1000 hours and 1600 h...
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PMID: 12122454
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Current Microbiology (45)1 2002
Abstract
We suggest that ryegrass leaf blades may contain natural anti-fungal compounds. Our results confirm the superiority of fungi in the degradation of intact stem and indicate that in vitro studies with non-autoclaved forage tissues may yield new information on forage factors affecting rumen microbes....
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PMID: 12029527
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The comparative in vitro sulphoreduction of the (+) and (-) enantiomers of albendazole sulphoxide (ABZSO) and oxfendazole (OFZ) by ruminal fluid obtained from sheep and cattle, was investigated, under anaerobic conditions, in this study. Ruminal fluid samples were obtained from Holstein steers fitte...
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PMID: 11874522
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Growth performance, forestomach development, and carcass and meat quality of veal calves fed a milk replacer diet (Control) were compared to those obtained from calves fed the same liquid diet plus 250 g x calf(-1) x d(-1) of dried beet pulp or wheat straw. Three groups of 46 Polish Friesian calves,...
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PMID: 11881925
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Veterinary Pathology (38)5 2001
Abstract
An outbreak of Fusobacterium necrophorum-induced septicemia occurred in a group of 40 captive wild-caught pronghorns (Antilocapra americana). Primary pododermatitis or necrotic stomatitis progressed to produce fatal septicemia with metastatic lesions in the forestomachs, lung, liver, and cecum in 38...
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PMID: 11572563
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Dairy Science (84)6 2001
Abstract
Two hydroxymethylglutaryl-SCoA (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, mevastatin and lovastatin, inhibited the in vitro growth and production of CH4 of strains of Methanobrevibacter isolated from the rumen. Mevastatin or lovastatin did not inhibit growth of species of rumen bacteria that are essential for...
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PMID: 11417704
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Parasitology Research (87)4 2001
Abstract
We intended to present an array of well defined methods, based on discriminant analysis, to evaluate diversity in helminth communities of ruminants. The database used concerned seven cattle farms and seven sheep farms located in temperate areas, from which at least three necropsies were undertaken i...
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PMID: 11355681
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The presence and distribution of nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH-d)-containing neurons have been studied by means of NADPH-d histochemistry in different regions of the adult cow gut, from the esophagus to the rectum. NADPH-d and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) were constantly recog...
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PMID: 11073067
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Physiological responses of pre-ruminant kid goats and lambs to different environmental temperatures.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to establish the metabolic behaviour of both preruminant kid goats and lambs, when they are kept at different environmental temperatures (12, 24 and 30 degrees C). The animals were fed ad libitum with a milk replacer for the first two months of life. Blood samples were...
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PMID: 11198159
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Sheep were 'compartmentalized' by surgically implanting cannulae in the rumen, abomasum and terminal ileum with a re-entrant cannula inserted between the cystic duct and the duodenum to monitor bile secretion. Doramectin, containing a trace of [3H]-doramectin, was administered both intravenously (i....
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PMID: 11106995
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Morphology (245)2 2000
Abstract
Twenty stomachs of Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus) were studied by gross dissection. Based on the configuration of the stomach and the structure of the mucous membrane, the stomach was divided into three ventricles that differ from the arrangement described for ox and sheep. The first and secon...
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PMID: 10906749
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde (125)12 2000
Abstract
Abstract
The effects of steroidal saponins (SAP) isolated from Yucca schidigera extract on ruminal bacteria and fungi were investigated in pure culture studies. Prevotella bryantii, Ruminobacter amylophilus, Selenomonas ruminantium and Streptococcus bovis were cultured through ten 24-h transfers in ruminal f...
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PMID: 10792550
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde (124)19 1999
Abstract
Abstract
We assessed the effects of a long and severe period of underfeeding, followed by a rapid refeeding with a high-concentrate diet, on weight, protein mass, and cellularity of the splanchnic organs in adult ewes. Twenty-four ewes, allocated to four groups of six, were fed a forage diet (50% regrowth of...
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PMID: 10462009
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Magnesium Research (12)2 1999
Abstract
In ruminants the forestomachs (reticulum, rumen and omasum) represent the main site of Mg absorption. Readily fermentable carbohydrates enhance Mg availability for ruminants in vivo. The beneficial effect of carbohydrate addition on Mg absorption occurs preintestinally and is associated with changes...
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PMID: 10423704
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Fluid samples were obtained from 9 of 10 llamas. Mean volume was 4.1 ml, mean pH was 6.67, and mean MBR time was 173 seconds. Odor was slightly acidic, color was light brown-green to light yellow-green, and consistency was moderate. Small protozoa with variable iodine staining and gram-negative bact...
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PMID: 10101413
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Major aspects of forestomach anatomy in llamas and camels are described. The pattern of forestomach motility is a succession of motoric cycles, consisting of A- and B-contraction sequences and a pause. Respective differences between llamas and camels are discussed. Observations on regulation of moti...
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PMID: 9932020
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The specific motility patterns of the forestomach of ruminants, composed of three structurally distinct compartments (rumen, reticulum, omasum), require an elaborate intramural innervation. To demonstrate the complex structure of the enteric nervous system (ENS), whole mount preparations obtained fr...
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PMID: 9795689
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A 9-year-old llama examined because of hind limb paresis was found to have parelaphostrongylosis. Despite treatment with ivermectin, fenbendazole, cimetidine, and ceftiofur, the llama developed gastrointestinal ulceration and pulmonary aspergillosis and was euthanatized. Parelaphostrongylus tenuis i...
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PMID: 9589133
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Dietary character of ruminants in the north is principally different between "nonselective" (cattle, sheep) and "selective" (reindeer, moose) species. Due to the developed polyfunctioning, forestomach in ruminants, primarily rumen and reticulum, are involved in the homeostasis formation in enteral a...
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PMID: 9749460
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
To compare digestion in the forestomach of llamas and sheep, the animals were fed four different diets: hay alone (H), low in nitrogen; the same hay with soybean meal (HS), with barley (HB) and with both soybean meal and barley (HSB). The sheep intakes were restricted to obtain about the same intake...
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PMID: 9477438
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A total of 74 embryos and fetuses were used in a comparative analysis of the epithelium of the non-glandular stomach compartments of merino sheep during development. The mechanical protection showed by the tegumentary epithelium in the superficial layers of the rumen, reticulum and omasum is support...
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PMID: 9334136
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The purification and some molecular properties of six lysozymes from the gills of different mytilids and vesicomyids are described: they belong to the previously described Invertebrate lysozyme family. The predominance of the bacterial nutrition in these organisms seems to necessitate the presence o...
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PMID: 8875865
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
As part of a study on leukocytes in the ruminant forestomach the occurrence and distribution of T cells and major histocompatibility complex Class II positive (MHC-II+) cells in the forestomach mucosa of sheep were investigated. Samples were taken from the reticulum, atrium ruminis, ventral rumen, d...
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PMID: 8797280
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Forestomach acidosis was diagnosed in 2 llamas and 4 alpacas. All were young, group-housed, sexually intact males. Clinical signs included forestomach atony, lethargy, ataxia, diarrhea, and tachycardia. Forestomach distention was observed in only 1 llama. Clinicopathologic abnormalities included low...
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PMID: 8617651
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The evolution of a new digestive enzyme, stomach lysozyme, from an antibacterial host defense enzyme provides a link between molecular evolution and organismal evolution. Lysozymes have been recruited at least three times (twice from a conventional lysozyme c and once from a calcium-binding lysozyme...
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PMID: 8765308
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This short review deals with some basic aspects concerning the physiology of the ruminant forestomachs and the abomasum. Following the discussion of the motoric activities, the major aspects of microbial carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism within the reticulorumen are treated. Thereafter, some func...
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PMID: 8766589
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
Abstract
Submucosal and mucosal nerve plexuses in the ovine forestomach were examined by immunohistochemical staining for protein gene-product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) and for S-100 protein (S-100), using whole-mount specimens that had been prepared by treatment with KOH. Nerve fibers of various sizes and glial cells (...
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PMID: 7645735
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Concentrations of macrominerals; Na, K, Ca, Mg, P, and Cl were measured in different sections of the alimentary tract of five roe deer, Capreolus capreolus, kept in captivity and fed a diet of grass pellets and oats. By means of the non-absorbed marker-slaughter technique (using 51CrEDTA as marker),...
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PMID: 7712067
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
These results suggest that chondroitin sulfate in the forestomach mucosa might serve as a charge barrier in the transport of charged molecules....
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PMID: 8835180
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The stomach of the lesser mouse deer was studied at the light microscopic level using histological and immunohistochemical methods. The stomach was clearly differentiated into rumen, reticulum including reticular groove, a small transition zone and abomasum. The mucosal surface of the rumen, reticul...
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PMID: 7536016
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Rumination has been reported to be a relatively rare disorder of eating during infancy. Over the past decade, there appears to be a renewed interest in and recognition of adult rumination. Although some authors believe adult rumination is benign, others have begun to link it with both eating disorde...
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PMID: 7894448
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part C, Pharmacology, toxicology & endocrinology (109)1 1994
Abstract
The effects of new hypothalamic peptides, PACAP-27 and PACAP-38, and secretin and VIP on the interdigestive pancreatic secretion and duodenal myoelectric activity during the asecretory phase of the pancreatic interdigestive cycle, compared with the milk ingestion phase, were examined in five calves....
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PMID: 7881813
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Previous studies indicated large, thin-walled, milk-filled rumens in lethal grey and white Karakul lambs. There was also a significant decrease in the number and size of the myenteric plexuses and the number of ganglion cells in these lambs. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the mye...
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PMID: 7596573
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The diagnosis of third compartment ulcers in the llama and alpaca is largely one of exclusion. Clinical signs may include mild to severe colic, inappetence, decreased fecal output, bruxism, and depression. Abdominocentesis results are usually unremarkable if C3 perforation has not occurred but refle...
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PMID: 7953964
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
British Veterinary Journal (150)2 1994
Abstract
Under normal dietary conditions in which the phosphorus (P) intake of ruminant animals is adequate, the absorption of phosphate (Pi) ions takes place from both the fore-stomachs and the small intestine. The rate of Pi absorption from the latter appears to be at least three times greater than that fr...
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PMID: 8025851
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
Net absorption rates for SCFA, sodium, chloride, magnesium, and water were measured in the temporarily isolated and washed reticulorumen of sheep. The animals were either fed hay ad lib. plus concentrates once daily or were deprived of food for two days. Food deprivation led to decreased net absorpt...
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PMID: 8212949
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The effects of duodenal distension on forestomach and abomasal motility were investigated in conscious sheep chronically fitted with intraparietal electrodes, a duodenal cannula, and an intracerebroventricular cannula. Duodenal distensions with a balloon inflated with 40 ml (DD40) of water reduced t...
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PMID: 8508703
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
One hundred forty four ovine embryos and feti were used in an investigation to determine mathematical models describing the histomorphometric growth of tissues and compartments of the ruminant stomach. The results indicate that during prenatal life the diameter of the gastric chambers increase more...
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PMID: 8346812
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This case study evaluated a multicomponent behavioral medicine treatment package for chronic ruminating and vomiting in a 13-year-old child with multiple disabilities. Treatment incorporated dietary and medication manipulations combined with behavioral intervention. The treatment package was designe...
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PMID: 8370793
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Veterinary Parasitology (45)3-4 1993
Abstract
A 7-year-old female llama was experimentally infected with 500 Fasciola hepatica metacercariae then turned out onto pasture also grazed by domestic sheep. The llama was necropsied approximately 22 weeks post infection. Routine examination of the gastrointestinal tract revealed diffusely coalescing,...
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PMID: 8447076
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Physiology & Behavior (53)1 1993
Abstract
Six 23-week-old bull calves were randomly assigned to a crossover design to study the effects of hay and concentrates given separately (A), silage and concentrates given in complete mixed ration (B), or given separately (C) on reticulo-ruminal motility and eating and resting behaviors after an adapt...
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PMID: 8434066
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Three friesian bulls (Genotype 31) were fitted with re-entrant cannulas at the duodenum to investigate the influence of a flavomycin supplement of the digestion in the forestomachs and the other parts of the digestive tract. The supplement of flavomycin increased the total digestibility of the organ...
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PMID: 8517776
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The stomach of the lesser mouse deer (Tragulus javanicus) was observed macroscopically. It consisted of only three compartments, rumen, reticulum and abomasum without omasum. The rumen was S-shaped with large ventral and caudoventral blind sacs and the reticulum was larger than the abomasum. Interna...
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PMID: 1477154
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A Tigon fistula was surgically implanted into the third compartment of the stomach of 5 llamas to allow measurement of gastric pH. The llamas were allotted into 2 groups and given flunixin meglumine or cimetidine hydrochloride for 3 days. After 4 days without treatment, the drugs given to each group...
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PMID: 1289334
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.