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Mice (4):
Recent article
Mice
Abstract
We reported that vitamin K₃ (menadione, 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) (compound 2) inhibits the activity of human mitochondrial DNA polymerase γ (pol γ). In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects (IEs) of vitamin K3 and its derivatives, such as 1,4-naphthoquinone (compound 1) and 1,2-...
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PMID: 21837358
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
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Journal of Neurochemistry (119)5 2011
Abstract
We have investigated presenilin (PS)-dependent secretase-mediated processing of nectins in PS1 KO cells and primary hippocampal neurons. The loss of PS1/γ-secretase activity delayed the processing of nectin-1 and caused the accumulation of its full-length and C-terminal fragments. Over-expression o...
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PMID: 21910732
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Prion replication in the periphery precedes neuroinvasion in many experimental rodent scrapie models, and in natural sheep scrapie and chronic wasting disease (CWD) in cervids. Prions propagate in the germinal centers of secondary lymphoid organs and are strongly associated with foll...
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PMID: 22043911
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Cancer Research (71)22 2011
Abstract
We developed a curated database of 88 nuclear receptor cistrome data sets and other associated high-throughput data sets including 121 collaborating factor cistromes, 94 epigenomes, and 319 transcriptomes. Through integrative analysis of the curated nuclear receptor ChIP-chip/seq data sets, we disco...
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PMID: 21940749
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
We summarize our current understanding of PD-1 and its ligands ranging from discovery to clinical significance....
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PMID: 21061197
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Biological Chemistry (286)44 2011
Abstract
We report here that testicular nuclear receptor 4 (TR4), a member of the nuclear receptor family, modulates DNA repair specifically through the transcription-coupled (TC) NER pathway but not the global genomic NER pathway. The level of Cockayne syndrome B protein (CSB), a member of the TC-NER pathwa...
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PMID: 21918225
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We show that while passive transfer of poorly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAb) and polyclonal antibodies against the DII-FL epitope protect against lethal WNV infection in wild-type mice, they fail to protect mice lacking activating Fcγ receptors (FcγR) and the complement opsonin C1q. Cons...
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PMID: 21917960
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We studied the localization, activation and function of protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) at the CNS synapse utilizing rat brain synaptosomes and slices. Confocal immunofluoresence and transmission electron microscopy in brain slices with pre-embedding diaminobenzidine (DAB) immunostaining found...
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PMID: 21854391
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We observed that mice survived at a higher frequency following hind-limb inoculation with σ1s-null virus than when inoculated with wild-type virus. This finding suggests that σ1s is essential for reovirus virulence when inoculated at a site that requires systemic spread to cause disease. Wild-type...
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PMID: 21917967
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We used C57BL/6 wild type mice to determine the durations of antagonist action of novel κ-opioid receptor ligands and examined their efficacies for JNK1 activation compared with conventional competitive antagonists. Of the 12 compounds tested, 5 had long durations of action that positively correlat...
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PMID: 21832171
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We show both in vitro and in vivo that the susceptibility of murine RDC to infection with type A influenza virus varies with the level of MHC class II expression by RDC and with the virus strain. Both CD103(+) and CD11b(hi) RDC, which express the highest basal level of major histocompatibility compl...
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PMID: 21917972
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We used small, acutely dissociated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells of adult rats to study the in vitro effects of 3,5-dichloro-N-[1-(2,2-dimethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-4-ylmethyl)-4-fluoro-piperidin-4-ylmethyl]-benzamide (TTA-P2), a derivative of 4-aminomethyl-4-fluoropiperdine, on T currents, as well a...
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PMID: 21821734
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences (369)1953 2011
Abstract
A distinction exists between 'chemical' and 'biological' medicines. While, from antiquity, both organic and inorganic substances had been used in therapy, developing chemical sciences were inapplicable to materials extracted from natural sources, and the active principles could be neither identified...
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PMID: 21930562
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We found that high-fat diet (HFD) feeding strikingly promoted daytime rather than nighttime caloric intake in mice, leading to feeding circadian arrhythmicity. Using scheduled feeding with a defined amount of daily HFD intake, we found that an increase in the ratio of daytime to nighttime feeding pr...
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PMID: 21828335
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Human Molecular Genetics (20)21 2011
Abstract
We previously found that loss-of-function mutations in the transcription factor GLIS2, a putative vertebrate ortholog of Drosophila Ci, cause nephronophthisis type 7 in humans and mice. Kidney tubular cells in Glis2-knockout mice acquire mesenchymal phenotype, but the cellular mechanisms of this tra...
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PMID: 21816948
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (1807)11 2011
Abstract
We previously showed that UCP3 turns over rapidly in C2C12 myoblasts, with a half-life of 0.5-4h, and that turnover can be reconstituted in vitro. We show here that rapid degradation of UCP3 in vitro in isolated brown adipose tissue mitochondria required the 26S proteasome, ubiquitin, ATP, succinate...
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PMID: 21820402
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Toxicology (289)1 2011
Abstract
We hypothesized that the effects of these compounds could be reflected by changes in biochemical substrates and cholinergic receptors and have examined the levels of four proteins involved in maturation of the brain, neuronal growth and synaptogenesis and the densities of both muscarinic and nicotin...
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PMID: 21820030
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Experimental Neurology (232)1 2011
Abstract
We hypothesized that the emergence of prepulse inhibition deficits in adult Nurr1-deficient mice may be linked to dopaminergic neuroanatomical changes. To test this hypothesis, we followed a within-subject approach in which sensorimotor gating performance was correlated with post-mortem expression o...
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PMID: 21820432
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Experimental Parasitology (129)3 2011
Abstract
Our data show that at the site of infection in the footpad and in the draining popliteal lymph node, numbers of regulatory T cells remain unchanged between WT and IL-6-deficient mice. However, the spleens of IL-6(-/-) mice contained fewer regulatory T cells after infection with L. major. The develop...
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PMID: 21819984
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We show that implanted vascular networks anastomose with host vessels through a previously unidentified process of "wrapping and tapping" between the engrafted endothelial cells (ECs) and the host vasculature. At the host-implant interface, implanted ECs first wrap around nearby host vessels and the...
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PMID: 21835951
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We investigate the possible linkage between ROS, β-catenin and arsenic induced transformation and tumorigenesis in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line, DLD1 cells. Our results show that arsenic was able to activate p47(phox) and p67(phox), two key proteins for activation of NADPH oxidase. Ars...
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PMID: 21854796
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Reduction of isoprenaline-induced myocardial TGF-β1 expression and fibrosis in osthole-treated mice.
Abstract
We investigated the inhibitory effect of osthole on myocardial fibrotic formation in mice and its possible mechanisms. A mouse model with myocardial fibrosis was induced by hypodermic injection of isoprenaline while the mice were simultaneously treated with 40 and 80 mg/kg osthole for 40 days. After...
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PMID: 21854795
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We show that RegIIIγ, a secreted antibacterial lectin, is essential for maintaining a ~50-micrometer zone that physically separates the microbiota from the small intestinal epithelial surface. Loss of host-bacterial segregation in RegIIIγ(-/-) mice was coupled to increased bacterial colonization o...
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PMID: 21998396
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We depleted the intestinal microbiota of mice with antibiotics before inoculation with poliovirus, an enteric virus. Antibiotic-treated mice were less susceptible to poliovirus disease and supported minimal viral replication in the intestine. Exposure to bacteria or their N-acetylglucosamine-contain...
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PMID: 21998395
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We found that MMTV, when ingested by newborn mice, stimulates a state of unresponsiveness toward viral antigens. This process required the intestinal microbiota, as antibiotic-treated mice or germ-free mice did not transmit infectious virus to their offspring. MMTV-bound bacterial lipopolysaccharide...
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PMID: 21998394
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We examined the spatial configuration of Hox clusters in embryonic mouse tissues where different Hox genes are active. When the cluster is transcriptionally inactive, Hox genes associate into a single 3D structure delimited from flanking regions. Once transcription starts, Hox clusters switch to a b...
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PMID: 21998387
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Developmental Cell (21)4 2011
Abstract
We use a combination of in vivo quantitative proteomics and analyses of cyclin E knockout mice to demonstrate that in terminally differentiated neurons cyclin E forms complexes with Cdk5 and controls synapse function by restraining Cdk5 activity. Ablation of cyclin E led to a decreased number of s...
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PMID: 21944720
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Developmental Cell (21)4 2011
Abstract
We show that Fgf8 and Sema3f, produced by early dental epithelium, respectively, attract and repulse mesenchymal cells, which cause them to pack tightly together during mouse tooth development. Resulting mechanical compaction-induced changes in cell shape induce odontogenic transcription factors (Pa...
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PMID: 21924961
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Developmental Cell (21)4 2011
Abstract
We generated and characterized Atxn1L(-/-) and Atxn1(-/-); Atxn1L(-/-) mice. Atxn1L(-/-) mice have hydrocephalus, omphalocele, and lung alveolarization defects. These phenotypes are more penetrant and severe in Atxn1(-/-); Atxn1L(-/-) mice, suggesting that ATXN1 and ATXN1L are functionally redundan...
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PMID: 22014525
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We show that platelet-derived growth factor receptor (Pdgfr) signalling controls age-dependent β-cell proliferation in mouse and human pancreatic islets. With age, declining β-cell Pdgfr levels were accompanied by reductions in β-cell enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (Ezh2) levels and β-cell replic...
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PMID: 21993628
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We show that MyBP-C slow comprises a family of phosphoproteins. Ser-59 and Ser-62 are substrates for PKA, while Ser-83 and Thr-84 are substrates for PKC. Moreover, Ser-204 is substrate for both PKA and PKC. Importantly, the levels of phosphorylated skeletal MyBP-C proteins (i.e. slow and fast) are n...
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PMID: 21888435
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We need to gain further insight into the interplay between signalling events and transcriptional networks that act in concert throughout pancreatic morphogenesis. This short review will therefore focus on the main events underlying pancreatic development with particular emphasis on the genetic deter...
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PMID: 21824256
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Excessive production of glucose by the liver contributes to fasting and postprandial hyperglycaemia, hallmarks of type 2 diabetes. A central feature of this pathologic response is insufficient hepatic insulin action, due to a combination of insulin resistance and impaired β-cell function. However, a...
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PMID: 21824266
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Multiple bioactive peptides are produced from proglucagon encoded by glucagon gene (Gcg). Glucagon is produced in islet α-cells through processing by prohormone convertase 2 (Pcsk2) and exerts its action through the glucagon receptor (Gcgr). Although it is difficult to produce a genetic model that h...
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PMID: 21824269
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Regulation of glucagon secretion by zinc: lessons from the β cell-specific Znt8 knockout mouse model
Abstract
We confirm that an increase in exogeneous zinc does inhibit glucagon secretion. To determine if there are physiological effects of zinc on glucagon secretion we used a β-cell-specific ZnT8 knockout (Znt8BKO) mouse model. Znt8BKO mice, despite showing lower granular zinc content in β-cells, showed...
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PMID: 21824264
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Using knockout and transgenic technology, genetically modified animal models allowed us to understand the role of glucagon signalling in metabolism. Mice with a global deletion of the glucagon receptor gene (Gcgr) were designed using gene targeting. The phenotype of Gcgr(-/-) mouse provided important...
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PMID: 21824268
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Pancreatic islet cell regeneration is considered to be important in the onset and progression of diabetes and as a potential cell therapy. Current hypotheses, largely based on rodent studies, indicate continuous turnover and plasticity of α- and β-cells in adults; cell populations in rodents respon...
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PMID: 21824255
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We conclude that Pax6 independently of Arx and Foxa2 is critical for α-cell function by coordinating glucagon gene expression as well as glucagon biosynthesis and secretion....
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PMID: 21824254
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We review recent data on the intrinsic and paracrine regulation of glucagon secretion in human pancreatic islets. We propose that glucose-induced closure of the K(ATP) -channels, via membrane depolarization, culminates in reduced electrical activity and glucagon secretion by voltage-dependent inacti...
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PMID: 21824262
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Our studies also reveal that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) treatment of αIRKO mice suppresses glucagon secretion despite absence of functional insulin receptors precluding a role for insulin in GLP-1 action on α-cells in this model. These findings highlight the significance of insulin signalling...
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PMID: 21824253
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
Embyroid body (EB) formation is a key step in many embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation protocols. The EB mimics the structure of the developing embryo, thereby providing a means of obtaining any cell lineage. Traditionally, the two methods of EB formation are suspension and hanging drop. The s...
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PMID: 21042991
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Biological Chemistry (286)40 2011
Abstract
We report that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Pam(3)CysSerLys(4) exerted more profound effects on release of the proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), in glia prepared from CD200(-/-) mice compared with wild type mice. This effect is explained by...
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PMID: 21835925
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Biological Chemistry (286)40 2011
Abstract
We analyzed early activation of murine CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes at 24 h. We observed a striking and selective up-regulation in the binding of a recombinant soluble form of siglec-E, an inhibitory siglec, which is expressed on several myeloid cell types including antigen-presenting dendritic cells...
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PMID: 21835922
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We introduce a flow cytometry-based method for quantifying newly generated neurons in the brain based on the counting of cell nuclei from dissected brain regions. Important steps involve density sedimentation of the cell nuclei, and staining for the proliferation marker bromodeoxy uridine and nuclea...
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PMID: 21812782
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that LPA-primed astrocytes induce neuronal commitment of cerebral cortical progenitors (Spohr et al. 2008). In the present study, we analyzed neurite outgrowth induced by LPA-treated astrocytes and the molecular mechanism underlying this event. LPA-primed astrocytes incre...
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PMID: 21834854
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We used a foamy virus vector to express the miRNAs in human hematopoietic progenitors and performed immune reconstitutions in NOD/LtSz-scid IL2Rγ(null) mice. We found that ectopic expression of miR-K12-11 or miR-155 leads to a significant expansion of the CD19(+) B-cell population in the spleen. Su...
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PMID: 21813606
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We identified a frameshift mutation within the open reading frame (ORF) encoding MCMV chemokine homologue MCK-2. This mutation would result in a truncated MCK-2 protein. When mice were infected with pSM3fr-derived virus, we observed reduced virus production in salivary glands, which could be reverte...
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PMID: 21813614
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We investigated the effect of BACE1 knock-out in more detail. With both BACE1 alleles the Swedish mutation (APP23 mice) increased APP processing and shifted it towards the β-secretase pathway as compared with non-mutated APP expressed at a similar level (APP51/16 mice). This effect was much smaller...
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PMID: 21812781
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We demonstrate that a recombinant human IgM, rHIgM12, promotes axon outgrowth by coupling membrane domains (lipid rafts) to microtubules. rHIgM12 binds to the surface of neuron and induces clustering of cholesterol and ganglioside GM1. After cell binding and membrane fractionation, rHIgM12 gets segr...
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PMID: 21824142
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We investigated the potential long-term effects of methamphetamine exposure during hippocampal development on the acetylcholine system in adolescence mice on postnatal day 30 and in adult mice on postnatal day 90. Methamphetamine exposure increased the density of acetylcholine neurons in regions of...
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PMID: 21824143
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We tested whether or not reintroduction of pro-IL-16 into solid tumors in mice could halt tumor growth....
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PMID: 21818556
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We compared murine genital infections with T. vaginalis and T. foetus. Persistent vaginal infection with T. foetus was established with 100 parasites but T. vaginalis infection required doses of 10(6), perhaps because of greater susceptibility to killing by mouse vaginal polymorphonuclear leukocytes...
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PMID: 21976570
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We identified that a significant QTL for dynamic resistance on Chr X was interacting with a QTL on Chr 15. The Chr 15 QTL peak was located in close proximity to the Vdr locus. We further examined if phenotypes of several inbred strains with varying Vdr genotypes differed. Strains with a B6-like geno...
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PMID: 21850575
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Chronic intense UV radiation is the main cause of epidermal tumors. Because hyaluronan (HA), a large extracellular polysaccharide, is known to promote malignant growth, hyaluronan expression was studied in a model in which long-term UV radiation (UVR) induces epidermal tumors. Mouse back skin was exp...
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PMID: 21832148
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We report here that p53 contributes to Bcl-2 down-regulation induced by B1, a novel naphthalimide-based DNA intercalating agent. Indeed, the decrease in Bcl-2 protein levels observed during B1-induced apoptosis was correlated to the decrease in mRNA levels, as a result of the inhibition of Bcl-2 tra...
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PMID: 21821060
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We now show that p57 is expressed predominantly in the subcommissural organ and cerebellar interneurons in the mouse brain and that mice with brain-specific deletion of the p57 gene (Kip2) manifest prominent nonobstructive hydrocephalus as well as cerebellar malformation associated with the loss of...
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PMID: 21844226
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
We investigated whether preoperative ingestion of a glucose solution interferes with fasting-induced protection against renal I/R injury. METHODS.: Mice were randomized into the following groups: fasted for 3 days with access to water (fasted) or a glucose solution (fasted+glc) and fed ad libitum wi...
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PMID: 21926943
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.