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Venoms (0):
Recent article
Venoms
Hospital practice (1995) (39)1 2011
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a progressive increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which approaches 20% by age 70 years. Older patients with T2DM are a very heterogeneous group with multiple comorbidities, an increased risk of hypoglycemia, and a greater susceptib...
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PMID: 21441754
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of exenatide on fat deposition and a metabolic profile in patients with metabolic syndrome.
An uncontrolled, open clinical study was carried out in 10 patients with metabolic syndrome and without pharmacological treatme...
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PMID: 20874425
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that acute blockade of the insulin responsive facilitative glucose transporter GLUT4 precipitates acute decompensated heart failure in mice with advanced dilated cardiomyopathy. Our current objective was to determine whether pharmacologic enhancement of insulin sensitivity...
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PMID: 21359201
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Clinical Science (120)2 2011
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to test the effect of sitagliptin and exendin-4 upon metabolic alterations, β-cell mass decrease and hepatic steatosis induced by F (fructose) in rats. Normal adult male Wistar rats received a standard commercial diet without (C) or with 10% (w/v) F in the drinking...
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PMID: 20795946
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Giornale italiano di cardiologia (2006) (11)12 Suppl 2 2010
Abstract
We review the data from clinical trials that have assessed the mechanism of action, the efficacy, and safety of exenatide and liraglutide, two analogues already available for therapy. The data of these trials showed that exenatide and liraglutide induced an improvement in glycemic control comparable...
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PMID: 21361051
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and its analogs are associated with a gamut of physiological processes, including induction of insulin release, support of normoglycemia, β-cell function preservation, improved lipid profiles, and increased insulin sensitivity. Thus, GLP-1 harbors sig...
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PMID: 21129350
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Family Practice (59)9 Suppl 1 2010
Abstract
The multifactorial nature of the pathogenesis of T2DM provides an opportunity to combine treatments that act upon different mechanisms. In addition to improving insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, the GLP-1 agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors improve the impaired incretin response, as w...
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PMID: 20824239
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Family Practice (59)9 Suppl 1 2010
Abstract
The "treat to target" approach is to quickly achieve the target glycosylated hemoglobin (AIC) goal of <7% in most people, and then intensify or change therapy as needed to maintain glycemic control. Results of an online survey demonstrate uncertainty regarding the clinical differences between glucag...
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PMID: 20824238
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Family Practice (59)9 Suppl 1 2010
Abstract
The overall safety profiles of GLP-1 agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors are favorable, with a low incidence of hypoglycemia. This attribute, along with their weight and cardiovascular benefits, particularly with the GLP-1 agonists, make them appropriate choices in our 3 patient cases. Ongoing safety inve...
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PMID: 20824236
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Family Practice (59)9 Suppl 1 2010
Distinguishing among incretin-based therapies. Glucose-lowering effects of incretin-based therapies.
Abstract
Extensive experience from randomized clinical trials demonstrates the efficacy of GLP-1 agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors as monotherapy and in combination with metformin and other agents, although reductions in FPG and PPG, and consequently A1C, are greater with GLP-1 agonists than with DPP-4 inhibitor...
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PMID: 20824235
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Family Practice (59)9 Suppl 1 2010
Abstract
Working closely with patients and providing ongoing education, ideally in conjunction with a diabetes care team, can help ensure that the best treatment options are selected for an individual patient and that the patient is capable of effective self-management.
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PMID: 20824237
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology (325)1-2 2010
Abstract
We previously showed the presence of the GLP-1 receptor in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) and the ameliorative actions of GLP-1 on endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients. Here, we have studied the effect of exendin-4 on cell proliferation and its underlying mechanisms...
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PMID: 20452396
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Atherosclerosis (212)1 2010
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (212)1 2010
Abstract
These results demonstrate that exenatide acutely and profoundly inhibits postprandial excursions of proatherogenic lipids and lipoproteins and may offer additional cardiovascular risk reduction (NCT00974272).
Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd....
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PMID: 20557887
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Bioanalysis (2)8 2010
Abstract
An investigation was performed in order to establish if dried blood spots (DBS) could be applied to the quantitation of biopharmaceuticals in biological matrices and perform equivalently in terms of accuracy, precision and stability to traditional plasma methods.
A me...
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PMID: 21083346
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 inhibition protects against vascular senescence in a diabetic rat model. In vitro studies with human umbilical vein endothelial cells showed that reactive oxygen species-induced senescence was attenuated by GLP-1 in a receptor-dependent manner involving downstream PKA signalin...
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PMID: 20448207
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Exenatide, the gliptins and detemir were all clinically effective. The long-acting insulin analogues glargine and detemir appeared to have only slight clinical advantages over NPH, but had much higher costs and did not appear to be cost-effective as first-line insulins for type 2 diabetes. Neither d...
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PMID: 20646668
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
The Lancet (375)9733 2010
Abstract
The Lancet (375)9733 2010
Abstract
456 patients were randomly allocated to treatment and were included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis (233 exenatide, 223 insulin glargine). Participants who received at least one dose of study drug and for whom baseline and at least one postbaseline measurement of HbA(1c) were available w...
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PMID: 20609969
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Diabetic Medicine (27)6 2010
Abstract
Prescrire international (19)107 2010
Abstract
When patients with type 2 diabetes fail to achieve strict HbA1c control with oral glucose-lowering drugs, insulin is the standard recourse. Exenatide, an injectable incretin analogue, should only be used when weight gain is a major problem. Liraglutide is another injectable incretin analogue recentl...
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PMID: 20738033
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We modified the GLP-1 analog of exendin-4 using two fatty acids (FA) either lauric acid (LUA, C12) or palmitic acid (PAA, C16) at its two lysine residues, to produce; Lys(12)-FA-Exendin-4 (FA-M2), Lys(27)-FA-Exendin-4 (FA-M1), or Lys(12,27)-diBA-Exendin-4 (FA-Di). The structural, biological, and pha...
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PMID: 20093159
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We investigated the influence of the constitutively active form (CaMKIVc) or CaMKIV knockdown on ABCA1 expression. Increased abundance of ABCA1 protein was noted in response to rising concentrations of exendin-4 with maximum induction at 10 nM. Exendin-4 also stimulated ABCA1 promoter activity, but...
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PMID: 19874424
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Family Practice (59)5 Suppl 2010
Abstract
Abstract
We assess the evidence for these claims and consider whether liraglutide has a role in the management of patients with type 2 diabetes....
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PMID: 20447980
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A 54-year-old man was admitted to hospital for treatment of a newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. He had polydipsia and polyuria and had lost 11 kg in weight over four weeks. Further diagnoses were visceral obesity and arterial hypertension.
Laboratory tests revealed highly elevated blood glucose param...
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PMID: 20425675
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Postgraduate Medicine (122)3 2010
Abstract
At 26 weeks, glycemic control with exenatide (-1.2% HbA1c) was non-inferior to insulin (-1.1%; exenatide vs insulin; P = 0.09). In a tertile analysis of HbA1c reduction from baseline, exenatide induced similar reductions compared with insulin, with the greatest reductions observed in the tertile wit...
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PMID: 20463421
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
La Revue du praticien (60)4 2010
Abstract
New treatments of type 2 diabetes have been developed, especially with the use of the properties of incretins, gastrointestinal hormones involved in glucose homeostasis. GLP-1 is responsible for most incretin effect with a rate that increases within minutes after meal intake, suggesting that its sec...
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PMID: 20465123
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We studied the effect of a synthetic GLP-1 receptor agonist, exenatide, a drug approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, on the recovery from vascular injury in Zucker (non-diabetic) fatty rats. Exenatide 5.0 microg/kg per day or saline was administered for seven days before, and 21 days after...
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PMID: 20382777
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
In addition to exenatide's action to increase insulin secretion in individuals with elevated levels of plasma glucose, clinical trials have reported consistent weight loss associated with exenatide treatment. Studies have found evidence that exenatide decreases energy intake and increases energy exp...
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PMID: 20152707
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
JAOA: Journal of the American Osteopathic Association (110)3 Suppl 2 2010
Abstract
Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can be challenging. Patients frequently present with poor glycemic control despite therapy. Other patients may be nonadherent or resistant to continuing their treatment when confronted with undesirable adverse effects, such as weight gain, that are assoc...
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PMID: 20382837
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We expressed a fusion protein consisting of exendin-4 and the human immunoglobulin heavy chain (Ex-4/IgG-Fc) in E. coli and explored its potential therapeutic use for the treatment of insulin-resistant type 2 diabetes. Here, we show that the Ex-4/IgG-Fc fusion protein induces expression of insulin r...
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PMID: 20193135
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Drug Safety (33)2 2010
Abstract
Exenatide is the first incretin mimetic, introduced into type 2 diabetes mellitus therapy in 2005, with first approval in the US. It is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist that can be used for treatment by twice-daily injection. A long-acting release formulation for once-weekly inject...
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PMID: 20082536
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Zoological Research (31)1 2010
Abstract
Many animals produced a diversity of venoms and secretions to adapt the changes of environments through the long history of evolution. The components including a large quantity of specific and highly active peptides and proteins have become good research models for protein structure-function and als...
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PMID: 20446448
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Anticancer drug development from natural resources are ventured throughout the world. Animal venoms and toxins a potential bio resource and a therapeutic tool were known to man for centuries through folk and traditional knowledge. The biodiversity of venoms and toxins made it a unique source of lead...
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PMID: 20455317
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
MMW Fortschritte der Medizin (151 Suppl 4) 2010
Abstract
Abstract
We suggest that some of the most avian dromaeosaurs, such as Sinornithosaurus, were venomous, and propose an ecological model for that taxon based on its unusual dentition and other cranial features including grooved teeth, a possible pocket for venom glands, and a groove leading from that pocket to...
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PMID: 20080749
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Cell Transplantation (19)6 2010
Abstract
We previously established a mouse pancreatic stem cell line without genetic manipulation. In this study, we used the techniques to identify and isolate human pancreatic stem/progenitor cells. The cells from a duct-rich population were cultured in 23 kinds of culture media, based on media for mouse p...
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PMID: 20587146
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Ex-4 monotherapy (0.2 microg daily-10 microg/kg per day) in NOD mice with new onset diabetes increases beta-cell proliferation and fractional insulin area. Ex-4 remains a promising component of combination therapies for type 1 diabetes. Additional studies are needed to identify a dose that maximizes...
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PMID: 19217320
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We portray high-molecular weight constituents of venoms present in box jellyfish, sea anemones, sea hares, fire corals and the crown-of-thorns starfish. The focus lies on the latest achievements in the attempt to elucidate their molecular modes of action....
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PMID: 20358685
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Venomous animals occur in numerous phyla and present a great diversity of taxa, toxins, targets, clinical effects and outcomes. Venomous snakes are the most medically significant group globally and may injure >1.25 million humans annually, with up to 100 000 deaths and many more cases with long-term...
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PMID: 20358686
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Insect venoms applied by stings of social Hymenoptera, like honey bees, vespids or ants are -together with foods and drugs - the most frequent elicitors of anaphylaxis in humans. Besides taxonomy, the biology of the responsible social Hymenoptera is important: guidelines based upon its knowledge all...
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PMID: 20519887
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Diabetes self-management (27)2 2010
Abstract
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the possible effect of exenatide (Glucagon like Peptide-1 receptor agonist) on liver injury (distant organ) induced by renal ischemia reperfusion (IR) in diabetic rats.
In vivo renal IR was performed in both type 2 diabetic and normal rats. Each protocol compri...
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PMID: 20616412
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology/Revue Canadienne de Physiologie et Pharmacologie (88)1 2010
Abstract
This study focused on the regulation and affinity modulation of the insulin receptor of coronary endothelium and cardiomyocytes in nondiabetic and STZ-induced type 1 diabetic rats. Male rats were divided into the following 9 groups: nondiabetic (N), nondiabetic treated with exendin-4 (NE), nondiabet...
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PMID: 20130739
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Vnitrni lekarstvi (56)1 2010
Abstract
6-months exenatide treatment significant decreased body weight (baseline vs 6 month treatment 107.3 +/- 4.4 kg vs 103.7 +/- 4.6 kg, p = 0.02), BMI (36.7 +/- 1.2 kg/m2 vs 35.3 +/- 1.3 kg/m2, p = 0.01) a HbA1c (8.5 +/- 0.3% vs 7.4 +/- 0.4%, p = 0.04) and increased HDL-cholesterol (0.92 +/- 0.1 mmol/l...
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PMID: 20184107
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The present study has been undertaken to investigate the effect of exendin-4 (a glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist) in diabetes mellitus (DM) and hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy)-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction (VED). Streptozotocin (55 mg kg-1, iv, once) and methionine (1.7% w/w, po, 4 weeks) were...
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PMID: 20358868
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice (86 Suppl 1) 2009
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a heterogeneous syndrome, characterized by beta-cell failure in the setting of obesity-related insulin resistance. T2DM has a progressive course and is associated with a high cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, regardless of the treatment used. The incretin hormones glucagon...
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PMID: 20115929
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Revue medicale de Liege (64)10 2009
Abstract
This is a retrospective analysis of medical records in 4 Belgian diabetes centres of 3 cohorts of patients with type 2 diabetes, with data available, respectively, after 3 months < or =163 patients exposed), 6 months (n=77) and 9 months (n=28) with exenatide therapy. This analysis mainly focuses on...
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PMID: 19911661
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Exenatide, a synthetic peptide originally isolated from salivary secretions of Heloderma suspectum, like other subcutaneously injected peptides, can cause antibody formation. Despite that antibody formation has been observed in some patients, results from previous clinical trials have not shown safe...
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PMID: 19576255
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Postgraduate Medicine (121)5 2009
Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes, approximately 85% of whom are overweight or obese, often have an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors such as hypertension and dyslipidemia. Both type 2 diabetes and obesity are independent risk factors for CVD. Unfortunately, many therapies...
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PMID: 19820278
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Exenatide was associated with comparable life expectancy and an improvement in quality-adjusted life expectancy versus insulin glargine over a 35-year time horizon. Based on current standards exenatide would be a cost-effective treatment alternative to insulin glargine in Switzerland for Type 2 diab...
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PMID: 19640359
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have shown that L. obliqua venom is able to clot human plasma and hemolize human erythrocytes and that the coagulation activity of the venom is inhibited by the extracts of C. cervicornis, S. zonale and D. pfaffi. In contrast, C. cervicornis and S. zonale extracts did not inhibit the hemolytic ac...
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PMID: 19768986
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We examined the response to peripheral exenatide using telemetry in conscious, unrestrained rats under normotensive conditions and in a model of hypertension/metabolic syndrome induced by corticosterone. Rats were implanted with either corticosterone or wax (control) pellets, followed 14 days later...
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PMID: 19320558
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have investigated the possible components of cellular mechanism triggered by exendin-4, a potent GLP-1 receptor agonist, in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic mice pancreas. BALB/c male mice were divided into four groups for this investigation. The first group was given citrate buffer only, th...
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PMID: 19767827
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Pediatric Research (66)1 2009
Abstract
Our aim was to determine whether this effect occurs through preservation of islet vascularization. In 2 wk-old IUGR rats, endothelial-specific lectin staining revealed a 40% reduction in islet vascular density (p = 0.027), which was normalized by neonatal Ex-4. VEGF-A protein expression was reduced...
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PMID: 19287346
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Prescrire international (18)101 2009
Abstract
MMW Fortschritte der Medizin (151)19 2009
Abstract
MMW Fortschritte der Medizin (151)19 2009
Abstract