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Organizers, Embryonic (0):
Recent article
Organizers, Embryonic
Abstract
We show empirical time-lapse evidence for an asymmetric rotation of epiblastic nodal tissue in avian embryos. This rotation spans the interval when initial symmetric expression of Shh and Fgf8 becomes asymmetrical with respect to the midline....
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PMID: 19301278
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
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Abstract
We studied the effect of alcohol on embryogenesis by manipulating retinaldehyde dehydrogenase activity in ethanol-treated embryos. In alcohol-treated embryos, we analyzed RA signaling levels, phenotypes induced and changes in gene expression. Developmental defects that were characteristic of high et...
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PMID: 19380308
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The chick embryo is a valuable tool in the study of early embryonic development. Its transparency, accessibility and ease of manipulation, make it an ideal tool for studying the formation and initial patterning of the nervous system. This video demonstrates how to graft organizer tissue into a host,...
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PMID: 19229186
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Development (135)19 2008
A ryanodine receptor-dependent Ca(i)(2+) asymmetry at Hensen's node mediates avian lateral identity.
Abstract
We report here that the avian embryo uses a left-side enriched Ca(i)(2+) asymmetry across Hensen's node to govern its lateral identity. Elevated Ca(i)(2+) was first detected along the anterior node at early HH4, and its emergence and left-side enrichment by HH5 required both ryanodine receptor (RyR)...
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PMID: 18755776
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Human Molecular Genetics (17)19 2008
Abstract
We have investigated the embryological cause of Zic2-associated HPE and the relationship between Zic2 and the Shh pathway using mouse genetics. We show that Zic2 does not interact with Shh to produce HPE. Moreover, molecular defects that are able to account for the HPE phenotype are present in Zic2...
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PMID: 18617531
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Developmental Biology (321)2 2008
Abstract
We report that zebrafish cell lines derived from various developmental stages can induce a secondary axis when they are implanted into the mid-blastula but not the early gastrula. The implanted cells themselves did not differentiate, but instead induced ectopic expression of dorsal organizer markers...
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PMID: 18652819
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Nature Neuroscience (11)6 2008
Abstract
We show that the organizing activity and progenitor state of the MHB are co-regulated by a single microRNA, miR-9, during late embryonic development in zebrafish. Endogenous miR-9 expression, initiated at late stages, selectively spares the MHB. Gain- and loss-of-function studies, in silico predicti...
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PMID: 18454145
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Nature Neuroscience (11)6 2008
Abstract
Developmental Dynamics (237)5 2008
Abstract
We have further dissected the activities of FGF in patterning the embryo by addressing its inductive and maintenance roles. We show that FGF signaling is necessary for the establishment of xbra expression in addition to its well-characterized role in maintaining xbra expression. The role of FGF sign...
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PMID: 18386826
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Developmental Biology (315)2 2008
Abstract
We removed the Nodal antagonist Cerberus 1 (Cer1) and simultaneously Cripto, by generating Cer1;Cripto double mouse mutants. We observed that two thirds of the Cer1;Cripto double mutants are rescued in processes that are severely compromised in Cripto(-/-) embryos, namely A-P axis orientation, anter...
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PMID: 18241853
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
Abstract
We demonstrated that Lhx2 acts as a classic selector gene and essential intrinsic determinant of cortical identity. Lhx2 selector activity is restricted to an early critical period when stem cells comprise the cortical neuroepithelium, where it acts cell-autonomously to specify cortical identity and...
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PMID: 18202285
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Models of biological pattern formation: from elementary steps to the organization of embryonic axes.
Abstract
An inroad into an understanding of the complex molecular interactions on which development is based can be achieved by uncovering the minimum requirements that describe elementary steps and their linkage. Organizing regions and other signaling centers can be generated by reactions that involve local...
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PMID: 18023723
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
BMC Genomics (9)1 2008
Abstract
To identify genes specific to the Spemann/Mangold organizer, we performed a microarray-based screen that compared wild-type and Foxa2 mutant embryos at late gastrulation stage (E7.5). We could detect genes that were consistently down-regulated in replicate pools of mutant embryos versus wild-type, a...
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PMID: 18973680
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
Transgenic mouse lines expressing Cre recombinase specifically in posterior notochord and notochord.
Abstract
We describe two new Cre transgenic mouse lines, Foxa2 NFP-Cre and Nodal PNC-Cre, with activity in two organizer domains, the posterior notochord (PNC) and notochord. These lines were made using defined regulatory elements from the Foxa2 and Nodal genes that direct Cre expression in overlapping domai...
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PMID: 18064671
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Developmental Biology (312)1 2007
Abstract
We asked if they might share molecular components. We find that vegetal explants, the source of Nieuwkoop signal in recombination assays, express a number of organizer genes. The product of one of these genes, chordin, is required for signaling, suggesting that the organizer and the center share at...
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PMID: 17964564
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Developmental Dynamics (236)11 2007
Abstract
We cloned the chicken Rab23 gene and studied its expression in the developing nervous system. Chick Rab23 mRNA is initially expressed in the entire neural tube but retracts to the dorsal alar plate. Unlike in mouse, we find Rab23 in chick already expressed asymmetrically during gastrulation. Ectopic...
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PMID: 17937392
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Current Biology (17)20 2007
Abstract
Abstract
We report that Xenopus laevis microRNAs miR-15 and miR-16 restrict the size of the organizer by targeting the Nodal type II receptor Acvr2a. Endogenous miR-15 and miR-16 are ventrally enriched as they are negatively regulated by the dorsal Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. These findings exemplify the relev...
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PMID: 17728715
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Developmental Biology (308)2 2007
Abstract
We analyze classic and cutting-edge findings on neural induction in the mouse. We find that data from genetics, tissue explants, tissue grafting, and molecular marker expression support a coherent framework for mammalian neural induction. In this model, the gastrula organizer of the mouse embryo inh...
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PMID: 17585896
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Developmental Biology (307)2 2007
Abstract
We have revisited this classical experiment and found that when cultured animal cap ectoderm attaches to a glass substratum, it can self-organize to form complex organs such as brain vesicles, eyes, lens and olfactory placodes. Only anterior neural organs were generated. Under these culture conditio...
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PMID: 17540356
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Understanding how the chordate body plan originated and evolved is still controversial. The discovery by Spemann and Mangold in 1924 of the vertebrate organizer and its inductive properties in patterning the AP and DV axis was followed by a long gap until the 1960s when scientists started characteri...
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PMID: 17563072
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Developmental Biology (307)1 2007
Abstract
We summarize recent evidence that propose a role for calcium signaling in stem cell biology and human developmental disorders....
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PMID: 17531967
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Differentiation (75)5 2007
Abstract
Our results provide evidence for the early molecular changes induced by EtOH exposure during embryogenesis, and may explain some of the structural changes that are part of the EtOH teratogenic phenotype also in FASD individuals....
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PMID: 17286601
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We describe a Chordin-like molecule (HyChdl) from Hydra that inhibits BMP activity in zebrafish embryos and acts in Hydra axis formation when new head organizers are formed during budding and regeneration. hychdl transcripts are also up-regulated in the head regeneration-deficient mutant strain reg-...
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PMID: 17360633
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We address with fluid-dynamical simulations using direct numerical techniques three important and fundamental questions with respect to fluid flow within the mouse node and left-right development. First, we consider the differences between what is experimentally observed when assessing cilium-induce...
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PMID: 17015289
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We show that the gastrula of the cephalochordate amphioxus expresses dorsal/ventral (D/V) patterning genes (for example, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), Nodal and their antagonists) in patterns reminiscent of those of their vertebrate orthlogues, and that amphioxus embryos, like those of vertebr...
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PMID: 17237766
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We used monensin and brefeldin A (BFA) to rapidly and reversibly interfere with protein processing and secretion, thereby inhibiting the signaling interactions that underlie its specification and patterning. In the gastropods, Patella vulgata and Lymnaea stagnalis, the polyplacophoran, Mopalia musco...
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PMID: 17120024
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Cytogenetic and Genome Research (117)1-4 2007
Abstract
Left-right asymmetry of internal organs is widely distributed in the animal kingdom. The chick and mouse embryos have served as important model organisms to analyze the mechanisms underlying the establishment of the left-right axis. In the chick embryo many genes have been found to be asymmetrically...
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PMID: 17675867
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Mechanisms of Development (124)9-10 2007
Abstract
We show that the two zebrafish beta-catenins have different roles in the organizer and germ-ring regions of the embryo. beta-Catenin-activated transcription in the prospective organizer region specifically requires beta-catenin-2, whereas the ventrolateral domain of activated transcription is abolis...
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PMID: 17686615
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Mechanisms of Development (124)9-10 2007
Abstract
We dissected the organizer functions by generally blocking organizer formation and then restoring a single function. In experiments using a dominant inhibitory BMP receptor construct (tBr) we find evidence that neural activation by antagonism of the BMP pathway is the organizer function that enables...
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PMID: 17703924
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Mechanisms of Development (124)1 2007
Abstract
We show that in zebrafish the organizer is not a single domain when it first arises in the nascent mesoderm at the onset of gastrulation. Rather, in the presumptive prechordal plate region, the organizer is subdivided into two side-by-side cellular fields. Within minutes, concurrent medial and anter...
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PMID: 17081734
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We hypothesized that genes controlling cellular changes in the Spemann organizer at gastrulation might be reactivated in tumors. The Goosecoid homeobox transcription factor is a known executer of cell migration from the Spemann organizer. We found that indeed Goosecoid is overexpressed in a majority...
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PMID: 17142318
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Developmental Dynamics (235)12 2006
Abstract
We studied cilia in a prototype mammalian embryo, the rabbit, which develops via a flat blastodisc. Transcription of ciliary marker genes Foxj1, Rfx3, lrd, polaris, and Kif3a initiated in Hensen's node and persisted in the nascent notochord. Cilia emerged on cells leaving Hensen's node anteriorly to...
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PMID: 17061268
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Development (133)24 2006
Abstract
We report that FoxD3 function in the Xenopus gastrula is essential for dorsal mesodermal development and for Nodal expression in the Spemann organizer. In embryos and explants, FoxD3 induced mesodermal genes, convergent extension movements and differentiation of axial tissues. Engrailed-FoxD3, but n...
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PMID: 17092955
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Developmental Dynamics (235)11 2006
Abstract
A rationale for the complex-appearing generation of the primary body axes in vertebrates can be obtained if this process is divided into two parts. First, an ancestral system is responsible for the anteroposterior (AP) patterning of the brain and the positioning of the heart. The blastopore (margina...
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PMID: 16958119
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Development (133)19 2006
Abstract
We have previously reported that a secreted factor, chick Tsukushi (TSK), is expressed in the primitive streak and Hensen's node, where it works as a BMP antagonist. Here, we describe a new crucial function for TSK in promoting formation of the primitive streak and Hensen's node by positively regula...
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PMID: 16943268
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have analyzed the role of the NC in forebrain and midbrain development. We show that (i) NC cells (NCC) control Fgf8 expression in the anterior neural ridge, which is considered the prosencephalic organizer; (ii) the cephalic NCC are necessary for the closure of the neural tube; and (iii) NCC con...
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PMID: 16966604
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Developmental Biology (296)2 2006
Abstract
We explore the timing and regulation of forebrain establishment in the mouse. Forebrain specification requires tissue interaction through the late streak stage of gastrulation. Foxa2(-/-) embryos lack both the organizer and its BMP antagonists, yet about 25% show weak forebrain gene expression. A si...
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PMID: 16839541
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have generated two different gene-trapped mouse lines that express truncated forms of Ssdp1. Embryos derived from the gene-trapped line that encodes a truncated Ssdp1 lacking the proline-rich sequence exhibit a lethal abnormal head-development phenotype, resembling mouse embryos deficient for Lim...
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PMID: 16864769
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Development (133)16 2006
Abstract
We have used the maternal effect mutant ichabod, which is deficient in maternal beta-catenin signaling, to test for the epistatic relationship between beta-catenin activation, FGF signaling and bozozok, squint and chordin expression. Injection of beta-catenin RNA into ichabod embryos can completely...
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PMID: 16873584
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Developmental Dynamics (235)7 2006
Abstract
Our results suggest that ashwin regulates cell survival and anteroposterior patterning.
(c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc....
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PMID: 16680723
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Developmental Dynamics (235)7 2006
Abstract
We identify a Xenopus fibrillin homolog (XF), and show that its earliest developmental expression is in presumptive dorsal mesoderm at gastrulation, and that XF expression is regulated by mesoderm-inducing factors in animal cap assays. XF protein is also first detected in presumptive mesoderm, but i...
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PMID: 16607639
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Developmental Biology (293)1 2006
Abstract
These results indicate that GCNF is required for establishment of the isthmic organizer, thereby regulating the midbrain development....
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PMID: 16530751
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Development (133)10 2006
Abstract
We analyze mice homozygous for a Gbx2 hypomorphic allele (Gbx2(neo)). Quantitative RT-PCR and RNA in situ analyses indicate that the presence of a neo-resistance cassette impairs normal Gbx2 splicing thus reducing wild-type Gbx2 mRNA levels to 6-10% of normal levels in all domains and stages examine...
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PMID: 16651541
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The establishment of left-right asymmetry in mammals is a good example of how multiple cell biological processes coordinate in the formation of a basic body plan. The leftward movement of fluid at the ventral node, called nodal flow, is the central process in symmetry breaking on the left-right axis...
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PMID: 16615888
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
In 1924, Spemann and Mangold demonstrated the induction of Siamese twins in transplantation experiments with salamander eggs. Recent work in amphibian embryos has followed their lead and uncovered that cells in signalling centres that are located at the dorsal and ventral poles of the gastrula embry...
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PMID: 16482093
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Development (133)7 2006
Abstract
We have identified and characterized a second zebrafish beta-catenin gene, beta-catenin-2, located on a different linkage group from the previously studied beta-catenin-1, but situated close to the ichabod mutation on LG19. Although the ichabod mutation does not functionally alter the beta-catenin-2...
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PMID: 16510506
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We discuss the impact these recent findings have on our understanding of formation and function of the Organizer....
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PMID: 16503175
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We report that Xhairy2b has two modes of action, each of which corresponds to inductive and repressive functions. We show that the inductive function is independent of direct transcriptional regulation and is exhibited by the C-terminal WRPW tetrapeptide motif alone, although it induces the expressi...
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PMID: 16586347
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We discovered that quadruple knockdown of ADMP and BMP2/4/7 in Xenopus embryos eliminates self-regulation, causing ubiquitous neural induction throughout the ectoderm. ADMP transcription in the Spemann organizer is activated at low BMP levels. When ventral BMP2/4/7 signals are depleted, Admp express...
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PMID: 16360041
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Development (132)21 2005
Abstract
We addressed the mechanism of mouse node development via an analysis of the node/notochord enhancer (NE) of Foxa2. We first identified the core element (CE) of the enhancer, which in multimeric form drives gene expression in the node. The CE was activated in Wnt/beta-catenin-treated P19 cells with a...
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PMID: 16207754
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Developmental Biology (286)2 2005
Abstract
We found that hecate mutant embryos exhibit a nearly 10-fold increase in the frequency of intracellular Ca2+ transients normally present in the enveloping layer during the blastula stages. Inhibition of Ca2+ release leads to ectopic expression of dorsal genes in mutant embryos suggesting that Ca2+ t...
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PMID: 16154557
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Developmental Dynamics (234)1 2005
Abstract
We analyzed the role of the anterior prechordal mesoderm-specific gene Xhairy2b in the regionalization of the organizer. We found that mesoderm-inducing transforming growth factor-beta signaling induced Xhairy2b expression. On the other hand, the ectopic expression of Xhairy2b induced the expression...
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PMID: 16059909
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.