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Enzymes and Coenzymes (4):
Recent article
Enzymes and Coenzymes
Abstract
Cell-free synthetic pathway biotransformation (SyPaB) is the implementation of complicated biochemical reactions by in vitro assembling a number of enzymes or their complexes and coenzymes. Assembly of numerous enzymes without cellular membrane, gene regulation, or undesired pathway can circumvent s...
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PMID: 20566280
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
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Abstract
These results indicated that the increase in anthocyanin content by BTH might result from the activation of its related enzymes. These data are the first evidence that BTH induces enzyme activities related to anthocyanin metabolism in strawberry fruit after harvest....
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PMID: 20377227
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Chemical Communications (46)13 2010
Abstract
We report a sensitive method for selective detection of target metabolites from the central metabolic pathway by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS), in which the MS signal is enhanced by up to three orders of magnitude in the course of in situ enzymatic amplif...
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PMID: 20234909
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We show that lysine acetylation is a prevalent modification in enzymes that catalyze intermediate metabolism. Virtually every enzyme in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, the urea cycle, fatty acid metabolism, and glycogen metabolism was found to be acetylated in human...
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PMID: 20167786
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Journal of Physical Chemistry A: Molecules, Spectroscopy, Kinetics, Environment and General Theory (112)50 2008
Abstract
We show, both experimentally and by kinetic modeling, that enzymatic single-turnover (pre-steady-state) H-transfer reactions can be significantly complicated by kinetic isotope fractionation. This fractionation results in the formation of more protiated than deuterated product and is a unique proble...
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PMID: 18847184
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Enhanced oxidative stress as evidenced by increased lipids and lipid peroxides with decreased AO levels in untreated breast cancer patients was observed. Adjuvant TAM-treated group had a limited impact on the increased oxidative stress with decreased AO status. Severe hypertriglycerdemia was observe...
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PMID: 17668211
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Biochemistry (143)5 2008
Contribution of peroxisome-specific isoform of Lon protease in sorting PTS1 proteins to peroxisomes.
Abstract
We previously studied the rat peroxisome in order to characterize the proteins participating in its biogenesis. A peroxisome-specific isoform of Lon (pLon) protein was accordingly identified. However, the precise role of pLon in peroxisomes remains to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that pLon pl...
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PMID: 18281296
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Biosynthesis of the universal terpenoid precursors, isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP), from three acetyl CoA moieties through mevalonate was studied extensively in the 1950s. For several decades, the mevalonate paradigm reigned supreme and a mevalonate origin was at...
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PMID: 18393884
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Bacteriology (190)8 2008
Abstract
Archaea and eukaryotes share a dolichol phosphate-dependent system for protein N-glycosylation. In both domains, the acetamido sugar N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) forms part of the core oligosaccharide. However, the archaeal Methanococcales produce GlcNAc using the bacterial biosynthetic pathway. Key...
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PMID: 18263721
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A significant down regulation of insulin receptor protein (p < 0.05) and reduced expression of ACS and ACCalpha mRNA (p < 0.05) were observed in skeletal muscle of IUGR newborns. Immunoblotting showed no significant change in ACCalpha content. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that uteroplacental insuffi...
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PMID: 18485240
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Natural Product Reports (24)5 2007
Abstract
This review highlights five key reactions in vitamin biosynthesis and in particular focuses on their mechanisms and inhibition and insights from structural studies. Each of the enzymes has the potential to be a target for novel antimicrobial agents.
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PMID: 17898895
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Natural Product Reports (24)5 2007
Abstract
The evolution of metabolic pathways is discussed with reference to the biosynthesis of a number of vitamins and cofactors. Retrograde and patchwork models are highlighted and their relevance to our knowledge of pathway processes and enzymes is examined. Pathway complexity is explained in terms of th...
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PMID: 17898893
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biochemistry (Washington) (46)37 2007
Abstract
We report the pH dependence of these tautomeric forms providing the first data for the internal thermodynamic equilibria on thiamin diphosphate enzymes for the various ionization and tautomeric forms of this coenzyme on four enzymes: benzaldehyde lyase, benzoylformate decarboxylase, pyruvate oxidase...
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PMID: 17715948
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
Enzymes are able to perform reactions under mild conditions, e.g., pH and temperature, with remarkable chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity. Because of this feature, the number of biocatalysts used in organic synthesis has rapidly increased during the last decades, especially for the production of...
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PMID: 17516064
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The purpose of this experiment was to determine the relationship between lipid metabolism and the expression of specific genes in chickens fed methimazole to produce hypothyroidism. Male, broiler chickens growing from 14 to 28 days of age were fed diets containing 18% crude protein and either 0 or 1...
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PMID: 17369065
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (1768)6 2007
Abstract
Enzyme activities localized in the luminal compartment of the endoplasmic reticulum are integrated into the cellular metabolism by transmembrane fluxes of their substrates, products and/or cofactors. Most compounds involved are bulky, polar or even charged; hence, they cannot be expected to diffuse...
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PMID: 17466261
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neurotrauma (24)5 2007
Abstract
We utilized the 3-h post-injury controlled cortical impact model of experimental TBI in 20 young adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, coupled with proteomics to identify specific mitochondrial fraction proteins from the cortex and hippocampus that were oxidatively modified after TBI. We identified, from...
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PMID: 17518533
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biochemistry (Washington) (46)17 2007
Abstract
A recently discovered bifunctional antibiotic-resistance enzyme named AAC(3)-Ib/AAC(6')-Ib', from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, catalyzes acetylation of aminoglycoside antibiotics. Since both domains are acetyltransferases, each was cloned and purified for mechanistic studies. The AAC(3)-Ib domain appears...
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PMID: 17417880
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
ChemBioChem (8)5 2007
Abstract
Abstract
A recently discovered superfamily of enzymes function using chemically novel mechanisms, in which S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) serves as an oxidizing agent in DNA repair and the biosynthesis of vitamins, coenzymes and antibiotics. Members of this superfamily, the radical SAM enzymes, are related by th...
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PMID: 17291766
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of anabolic implants on performance, changes in ultrasound measurements, carcass quality, cellularity of i.m. and s.c. adipose depots, and mRNA expression of acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD), and lipoprotein lipase (L...
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PMID: 17235028
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biotechnology Advances (25)4 2007
Abstract
We classify in this paper the methods of sustainable cofactor regeneration into two categories, namely membrane entrapment and solid-attachment of cofactors....
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PMID: 17459647
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Physical Chemistry B (110)48 2006
Abstract
When a system of enzyme-catalyzed reactions does not involve H(2)O as a reactant, the equilibrium composition at specified temperature, pH, and ionic strength can be calculated using the Mathematica programs equcalcc, which uses the conservation matrix, or equcalcrx, which uses the stoichiometric nu...
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PMID: 17134243
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We found that cerivastatin showed the most potent cytotoxicity in HSkMCs and strongly lowered ubiquinone levels in the rat heart....
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PMID: 17192694
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Hepatology (44)5 2006
Abstract
We show that L-Fabp(-/-) mice fed a high-fat Western diet for up to 18 weeks are less obese and accumulate less hepatic triglyceride than C57BL/6J controls. Paradoxically, both control and L-Fabp(-/-) mice manifested comparable glucose intolerance and insulin resistance when fed a Western diet. Prot...
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PMID: 17058218
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Vitamins have traditionally played the role of coenzymes, organic molecules that facilitate the chemical reactions catalyzed by enzymes. However, several vitamins assume additional endocrine-like actions; this review will discuss four such vitamins. Vitamin K2 is involved in the gamma-carboxylation...
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PMID: 17086936
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Chemical Reviews (106)8 2006
Abstract
Journal of Biological Chemistry (281)31 2006
Abstract
We propose a mathematical model of polyamine metabolism from kinetic constants and both metabolite and enzyme levels extracted from bibliographic sources. This model captures the tendencies observed in transgenic mice for the so-called key enzymes of polyamine metabolism, ornithine decarboxylase, S-...
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PMID: 16709566
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Molecular Microbiology (61)2 2006
Abstract
These results as well as identification of acetate-upregulated proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis lead to the proposal of a new pathway for acetate assimilation. In a first part, affected by the mutations, two molecules of acetyl-CoA and one molecule CO(2) are converted via acetoacetyl-...
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PMID: 16856937
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Primary Dental Care (13)2 2006
Abstract
Tap water was the poorest cleaning solution, while UltraDose was the most effective. Blood removal improved when cleaning time was increased from seven to 15 minutes. The combined effect of a presoak immersion followed by ultrasonic cleaning was the most effective cleaning scheme overall. Cleaning b...
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PMID: 16608596
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We integrated network analysis with information on enzyme evolution to infer how oxygen availability changed the architecture of metabolic networks. Our analysis revealed the existence of four discrete groups of networks of increasing complexity, with transitions between groups being contingent on t...
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PMID: 16556842
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Metabolism (55)3 2006
Abstract
The interaction of sesamin, one of the most abundant lignans in sesame seed, and highly purified docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in the form of ethyl ester in affecting hepatic fatty acid oxidation was examined in rats. In the first experiment, 3 groups of rats were fed wit...
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PMID: 16483883
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We propose a flexible synthesis for reporter analogs. Here we demonstrate a one-pot chemo-enzymatic synthesis of reporter-labeled proteins that allows the covalent tethering of any amine-terminal fluorescent or affinity label to a carrier protein or fusion construct. This two-reaction sequence consi...
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PMID: 16357994
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have demonstrated that SC-435, an apical sodium codependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) inhibitor, lowers plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations in guinea pigs. The purpose of this study was to further examine the hypocholesterolemic effects of SC-435, by measuring the...
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PMID: 16169202
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Enzymes catalyse numerous reactions in nature, often causing spectacular accelerations in the catalysis rate. One aspect of understanding how enzymes achieve these feats is to explore how they use the limited set of residue side chains that form their 'catalytic toolkit'. Combinations of different r...
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PMID: 16214343
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We describe the revival of a very simple procedure for the analysis of histone modifications and histone modifying enzymes, which is derived from experiments first carried out several decades ago. This method is based on the isolation of cell nuclei containing intact chromatin structures that are th...
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PMID: 16085425
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biochemical Society Transactions (33)Pt 4 2005
Abstract
Vitamin B12, the 'antipernicious anaemia factor', is required for human and animal metabolism. It was discovered in the late 1940s and its unique corrin ligand was revealed approx. 10 years later by X-ray crystallography. The B12-coenzymes are cofactors in various important enzymatic reactions and a...
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PMID: 16042603
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Bioorganic Chemistry (33)3 2005
Abstract
Thiamin diphosphate (ThDP), the vitamin B1 coenzyme, is an excellent representative of coenzymes, which carry out electrophilic catalysis by forming a covalent complex with their substrates. The function of ThDP is to greatly increase the acidity of two carbon acids by stabilizing their conjugate ba...
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PMID: 15888311
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We therefore examined the mRNA expression of lipogenic enzymes in human hepatocellular carcinoma samples from 10 patients who had undergone surgical resection. All of the samples exhibited marked elevation of expression of mRNA for lipogenic enzymes, such as fatty acid synthase, acetyl-CoA carboxyla...
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PMID: 15869874
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
I and IV. Increased punctate lipid within myofibers is a regular feature of Kearns-Sayre and PEO, but not of MELAS and MERRF. Total deficiency of succinate dehydrogenase indicates a severe defect in Complex II; total absence of cytochrome-c-oxidase activity in all myofibres correlates with a severe...
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PMID: 16018150
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Amino Acids (28)1 2005
Abstract
We investigated the influence of hypothyroidism on homocysteine metabolism in rats, focusing on a hypothetical deficient synthesis of FAD by riboflavin kinases. Animals were allocated in control group (n = 7), thyroidectomized rats (n = 6), rats with diet deficient in vitamin B2, B9, B12, choline an...
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PMID: 15645165
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations suggest that bicyclic structures of the "molybdopterin" in DMSO reductases may have an important catalytic role in oxygen atom transfer reactions.
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PMID: 15724177
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Nucleic Acids Research (33)4 2005
Abstract
We first demonstrate the utility of the software by comparing its results for the raw Plasmodium falciparum genome with the manual annotations available at the PlasmoDB and PlasmoCyc websites. We then apply SHARKhunt to the unannotated genome sequences of the coccidian parasite Eimeria tenella and o...
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PMID: 15745999
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Dehydrogenase enzymes belong to the oxidoreductase class and utilise the coenzymes NAD and NADP. Stereo-selectivity is focused on the C4 hydrogen atoms of the nicotinamide ring of NAD(P). Depending upon which hydrogen is transferred at the C4 location, the enzyme is designated as A or B...
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PMID: 16318635
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Efficient electrochemical syntheses of "homocoenzyme B(12)" (2, Co(beta)-(5'-deoxy-5'-adenosyl-methyl)-cob(III)alamin) and "bishomocoenzyme B(12)" (3, Co(beta)-[2-(5'-deoxy-5'-adenosyl)-ethyl]-cob(III)alamin) are reported here. These syntheses have provided crystalline samples of 2 and 3 in 94 and 7...
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PMID: 15540236
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Microbiology (150)Pt 11 2004
Abstract
The first comprehensive comparative analysis of lactobacilli was done by comparing the genomes of Lactobacillus plantarum (3.3 Mb) and Lactobacillus johnsonii (2.0 Mb). L. johnsonii is predominantly found in the gastrointestinal tract, while L. plantarum is also found on plants and plant-derived mat...
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PMID: 15528649
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Trends in Genetics (20)9 2004
Abstract
We focus on the recent advances in deciphering the roles and mechanisms of action of metabolic cofactors and enzymes in regulated transcription....
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PMID: 15313554
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biochemistry (New York) (69)9 2004
Abstract
The optical properties of thiamine diphosphate-dependent enzymes change significantly on their interaction with cofactors (thiamine, bivalent metal ions) and substrates. These changes are connected with structural alterations of the active site and the mechanism of its functioning, and in some cases...
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PMID: 15521810
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Endocrinology (145)4 2004
Abstract
We have shown both male and female ArKO mice have an age progressive obese phenotype and a sexually dimorphic disruption to hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride homeostasis. Only ArKO males have elevated hepatic triglyceride levels leading to hepatic steatosis partly due to an increase in expression...
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PMID: 14684602
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The rate of acetaldehyde (Ald) evolution in the deterioration of recalcitrant woody seeds was investigated. Four plant species, Ligustrum japonicum, Quercus serrata, Quercus myrsinaefolia and Camellia japonica, were used for the experiments. Similar to orthodox seeds, all of the recalcitrant seeds u...
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PMID: 14988490
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The radical intermediates generated during the catalytic cycles of adenosylcobalamin-dependent enzymes occur in pairs. The positions of radicals residing on the cofactor, substrate or protein, relative to the position of the low-spin Co(2+) from the cob(II)alamin intermediate, can be extracted from e...
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PMID: 14675550
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Biological Chemistry (278)48 2003
Abstract
We extracted four time spans for amino acid metabolism development. For some amino acids catabolism and biosynthesis occurred at the same time (Asp, Glu, Lys, Leu, Ala, Val, Ile, Pro, Arg). For others ultimate reactions that use amino acids as a substrate or as a product are distinct in time, with c...
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PMID: 12949083
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Physiological Genomics (15)2 2003
Abstract
It was hypothesized that transcriptional reprogramming is involved in the structural and functional adaptations of lipid metabolism in human tibialis anterior muscle (TA) from endurance-trained male subjects. RT-PCR experiments demonstrated a significant upregulation of the mRNA level of key enzymes...
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PMID: 14565968
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Nutrition (133)10 2003
Abstract
We induced MFD with a high concentrate/low forage (HC/LF) diet and examined milk composition, milk fatty acid changes and mammary lipogenic mRNA abundance to determine the mechanism involved. The HC/LF diet reduced milk fat percentage by 25% and yield by 27% with no effect on dietary intake, milk pr...
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PMID: 14519791
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Biological Chemistry (278)37 2003
Abstract
We demonstrated that the expression of proteins from the myocardial tricarboxylic acid cycle was not altered in diabetes. However, up-regulation of the fatty acid beta-oxidation favored fatty acids over glucose as a source of acetyl CoA for the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Protein levels for several pr...
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PMID: 12851409
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Molecular Biology (331)4 2003
Abstract
We examine in detail how enzymes can modify their chemistry, through a comparison of the catalytic residues and mechanisms in 27 pairs of homologous enzymes of totally different functions. We find that evolution is very economical. Enzymes retain structurally conserved residues to aid catalysis, inc...
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PMID: 12909013
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
I and II is totally specific for this family, with no false hits. However, the role of the histidines in catalysis is different between KAS I/II and thiolase on the one hand and KAS III/chalcone synthase on the other. In contrast, a template comprising only cysteine and one histidine is not specific...
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PMID: 12866053
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Inorganic Chemistry (42)16 2003
Abstract
An intriguing but controversial hypothesis has appeared that "The optimization of enzyme catalysis may entail the evolutionary implementation of chemical strategies that increase the probability of tunneling and thereby accelerate the reaction rate" (Kohen, A.; Klinman, J. P. Acc. Chem. Res. 1998, 3...
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PMID: 12895106
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.