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Enzyme Precursors (7):
Recent article
Enzyme Precursors
Clinical Nephrology (74)6 2010
Abstract
A family was identified with autosomal dominant inheritance of anemia, polyuria, hyperuricemia, and chronic kidney disease. Mutational analysis revealed a novel heterozygous mutation c.58T > C resulting in the amino acid substitution of cysteine for arginine in the preprorenin signal sequence (p.cys...
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PMID: 21084044
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
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Biochemical Journal (432)3 2010
Abstract
We generated a series of propeptide mutants to determine the minimal requirement to prevent PC-PLC enzymatic activity and to identify residues regulating compartmentalization and maturation. We found that a single residue at position P1 (Ser51) of the cleavage site is sufficient to prevent enzymatic...
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PMID: 20879990
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Biological Chemistry (285)45 2010
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that the Gla domain-dependent interaction of protein C with endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) leads to dissociation of the receptor from caveolin-1 and recruitment of PAR-1 to a protective signaling pathway. Thus, the activation of PAR-1 by either thrombin or PAR-1 agoni...
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PMID: 20826780
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We evaluated 22 different host and non-host plant protease inhibitors (PIs) for in vivo inhibition of Helicoverpa armigera gut pro- and proteinases, and their biological activity against the pod borer, H. armigera, the most important pest of agriculture and horticultural crops worldwide. In vitro ac...
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PMID: 20416317
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Brain research (1349) 2010
Abstract
We used a perfusion system to assay the release of DA and 5HT from striatal slices preloaded with [(3)H]-DA or [(3)H]-5HT. The release of both DA and 5HT from striatal slices of rats fed a high fat diet for 10 days, but not 3 days, was reduced when compared to striatal slices taken from rats fed a l...
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PMID: 20599830
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We previously suggested that Armigeres subalbatus (Coquillett) prophenoloxidase III (As-pro-PO III) might be associated with morphogenesis of larvae and pupae. Because PO and its activation system are present in the insect cuticle, and cuticle formation is a major event during pupal morphogenesis, w...
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PMID: 20695265
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We show evidence that corals possess immunological repertoires that extend well beyond simple innate defenses. The extent to which corals have developed such an adaptive-like immune repertoire will determine whether corals will survive climate change and other anthropogenic disturbances....
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PMID: 20662364
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biological Chemistry (391)4 2010
Abstract
We identify human kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) 4, 5, and 8 to be specific activators of meprins. KLK5 is capable of activating both metalloproteases. Interestingly, KLK4 and 8 cleave off the propeptide of meprin beta only, whereas in contrast plasmin exclusively transforms meprin alpha to it...
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PMID: 20128684
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biological Chemistry (391)4 2010
Abstract
We limited our phage library for the serine protease inhibitor ecotin by restricting it to only tetranomial diversity and then targeted all 20 amino acid residues involved in protein recognition. This resulted in a high-affinity and highly specific plasma kallikrein inhibitor, ecotin-Pkal. To valida...
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PMID: 20180651
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Biochemistry (147)4 2010
Abstract
Matriptase is a transmembrane serine protease that is strongly expressed in epithelial cells. The single-chain zymogen of matriptase is considered to have inherent activity, leading to its own activation (i.e. conversion to the disulphide-linked-two-chain form by cleavage after Thr-Lys-Gln-Ala-Arg61...
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PMID: 19919953
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
We have solved the x-ray crystal structure of MauG complexed with preMADH to 2.1 angstroms. The c-type heme irons and the nascent TTQ site are separated by long distances over which electron transfer must occur to achieve catalysis. In addition, one of the hemes has an atypical His-Tyr axial ligatio...
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PMID: 20223990
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The pre-SPIO CNRs in the luminal sublayer of the thrombus and the deeper thrombus were -10.20 +/- 12.69 and -5.68 +/-10.38, respectively. After SPIO, the CNRs decreased to -21.34 +/-13.07 (P < .001) and -12.44 +/- 14.56, respectively (P < .012). There was a significant linear correlation between the...
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PMID: 20177108
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Macrobrachium rosenbergii was experimentally challenged with Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) and extra small virus (XSV) to study the clearance of these viruses and consequent changes in various immunological parameters. The healthy animals were injected MrNV and XSV intramuscularly and v...
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PMID: 19963067
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Proplasmepsin II (zPMII) represents a unique member of the aspartic proteinase family, with a prosegment-enzyme interaction that is thus far unique among the pepsin-like proteases. The role of the prosegment in aspartic proteinase structure and function was investigated by generating two chimeric pr...
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PMID: 19910416
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Parasitology (137)1 2010
Abstract
We examined in detail the ability of the parasite to affect the immune system and resource storage of both gammarid species. We found that the infection was associated with a general decrease of the prophenoloxidase activity, haemocyte density, resistance to an artificial bacterial infection and lev...
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PMID: 19765338
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This is the first case (November 12, 2007) of peri-operative use of zymogen protein C (ZPC) for a heterozygote Protein C deficient (50%) patient with heterozygosity for the prothrombin gene mutation. The surgery involved total left hip replacement. The patient was 74 years of age and at very high-ri...
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PMID: 20204827
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Gram negative bacterial endotoxin is a biological pyrogen that causes fever when introduced intravenously. The endotoxin, also known as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), is found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. During Gram-negative sepsis, endotoxin stimulates host macrophages to release in...
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PMID: 20593268
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biochemical Journal (424)3 2009
Abstract
We show that low concentrations of the pseudo-activated procaspase-3 kill mammalian cells rapidly and, importantly, this protein is not cleaved nor is it inhibited efficiently by the endogenous regulator XIAP (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis). The 1.63 A (1 A = 0.1 nm) structure of the variant demon...
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PMID: 19788411
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Parasitology (85 (Pt 3))03 2009
Abstract
Activation of prophenol oxidase of Fasciola gigantica has been demonstrated using biochemical and electrophoretic techniques. Based on the difference in the electrophoretic pattern of the proenzyme and activated enzyme, a probable mechanism of activation of the prophenol oxidase is suggested. A role...
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PMID: 6817288
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
B M B Reports (42)10 2009
Abstract
We investigated expression of lineage markers and performed proteomic analysis. Expression of the early lineage markers Pdx1 and Ptf1a was developmentally conserved between mice and pigs, whereas expression of the islet differentiation marker Pax4 was delayed in porcine compared with murine pancreas...
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PMID: 19874711
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biochemistry (Washington) (48)40 2009
Abstract
We now demonstrate that an Ile-Ile or Ile-Val dipeptide can induce limited enzyme activity in the single-chain zymogen form of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) or its K158A variant, which cannot be activated proteolytically. Furthermore, the slow formation of a covalent serpin-protease com...
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PMID: 19705874
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We determined the expression and activation status of matriptase in seminal fluid and urine and the distribution and subcellular localization of the protease in the prostate and kidney. The in vivo studies revealed that while the latent matriptase is localized at the basolateral surface of the ducta...
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PMID: 19535514
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Innate Immunity (15)3 2009
Abstract
We review some basic aspects of crustacean effector defense processes, like agglutination, encapsulation, phagocytosis, clottable proteins, and bactericidal activity, induced by these carbohydrate-driven recognition patterns....
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PMID: 19474211
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The prophenoloxidase(ProPO) gene was cloned from haemocytes of Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis by Rapid Amplification Complementary DNA Ends (RACE) method. The full-length cDNA of prophenoloxidase gene consists of 3040 bp with a 2061 bp Open Reading Frame (ORF), encoding 686 amino acids. Phy...
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PMID: 18595005
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We examined the changes of hemocytes in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), due to parasitism by the endoparasitoid Diadegma semiclausum (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Necrosis of prohemocytes in different stages was observed while cell death was absent in the mature...
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PMID: 18949799
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Molecular Microbiology (71)6 2009
Abstract
We have investigated the autolysin or peptidoglycan hydrolase Auto (Lmo1076) from the human pathogen Listeria monocytogenes to structurally and biochemically underpin its role in host cell invasion. We demonstrate that Auto is an N-acetylglucosaminidase, that it is autoinhibited when newly secreted...
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PMID: 19210622
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biological Chemistry (390)2 2009
Abstract
Cathepsin L-like endopeptidases of the papain family are synthesized as proenzymes. N-terminal proregions are essential for folding and latency of the enzyme unit. While selectivity has been reported for the inhibitory function of papain-family propeptides, there is no systematic investigation of th...
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PMID: 19040358
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
These results validated the use of the affinity matrix for the purification of Plm II inhibitors from complex mixtures and established the presence of Plm II inhibitors in some marine invertebrates....
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PMID: 18471091
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We analyzed the effect of endogenous and exogenous nitric oxide on the expression and activity of ADAM17 in murine endothelial cells and a monocyte/macrophage cell line. We found that endogenous nitric oxide influenced neither ADAM17 mRNA level nor the shedding of two ADAM17 substrates, TNF and TNFR...
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PMID: 19543557
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We review the roles of eicosanoids as central mediators of insect immune reactions, particularly cellular reactions. We briefly describe insect immune functions, outline eicosanoid biosynthesis and treat eicosanoid actions in cellular immunity of insects. Eicosanoids act in several cellular defense...
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PMID: 20375586
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We studied the activation process of the skin pro-tyrosinase of Rana esculenta L. in different seasons over a period of two years. We found that chymotrypsin and subtilisin were able to yield an active enzyme, but not SDS. The maximum levels of tyrosinase activity were recorded in winter and the min...
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PMID: 18950728
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We report that oxLDL induces expression of proMMP-9 via a MAPK-dependent AP-1 activation in rat brain astrocyte (RBA)-1 cells. Results revealed by gelatin zymography, RT-PCR, and Western blotting analyses showed that oxLDL-induced proMMP-9 gene expression was mediated through Akt, JNK1/2, and p42/p4...
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PMID: 18661553
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Thrombosis and Haemostasis (101)1 2009
Abstract
The hypothesis that prothrombin (FII) protects coagulation factor Va (FVa) from proteolytic inactivation by activated protein C (APC) was tested using purified proteins. FII dose-dependently protected FVa from APC proteolysis under conditions where competition of proteins for binding to negatively-c...
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PMID: 19132189
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Vestnik oftalmologii (125)4 2009
Abstract
An immunofluorescence technique was used to study the transretinal penetration of intravitreal fibrinolytic agent Hemase (a recombinant urokinase) in an experiment on 4 rabbit eyes. Hemase (54 kD) was proved to be able to penetrate across all retinal layers 2 hours after intravitreal administration....
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PMID: 19824437
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Molecules and Cells (26)6 2008
Abstract
We demonstrated that Drosophila Pro-PO3, but not Pro-PO1 or 2, is enzymatically active in its zymogen form. These findings were evidenced by spectacular melanin forming capacities of various cells and tissues that overexpressed these proenzymes. Furthermore, the melanization phenotype observed in th...
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PMID: 18852525
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We hypothesized that non-toxic doses of some transition metal nanoparticles stimulate an imbalance of MMP/TIMP that cause MMP production that may contribute to their health effects. To test this hypothesis, U937 cells were treated with Nano-Co and Nano-TiO(2) and cytotoxic effects and ROS generation...
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PMID: 18835569
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
To elucidate the role of beta-glucanases in the cell-wall degradation involved in morphogenesis, an exo-beta-1,3-1,6-glucanase (FvBGL1) was purified from fruiting bodies of the edible mushroom Enoki (Flammulina velutipes), and its enzymatic properties were studied. At least three beta-glucanases wer...
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PMID: 19060407
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
European Journal of Pharmacology (599)1-3 2008
Abstract
We hypothesized that antioxidant effects produced by lercanidipine could attenuate the increases in MMP-2 expression/activity in diabetic rats. Control and diabetic (alloxan-induced diabetes) rats received lercanidipine 2.5 mg/kg/day (or tap water) starting three weeks after alloxan (or vehicle) inj...
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PMID: 18930722
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Endocrinology (149)12 2008
Abstract
We showed circulatory levels of ATRA decreased in mice under constant darkness and elevated by light exposure. Fat gene pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 (mPlrp2) and its partner procolipase (mClps), but not hepatic lipase (mHl), activated in livers for responding to lack of light illuminating. Li...
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PMID: 18669599
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We evaluated the role of proMMPs in cell migration. Employing a Transwell chamber migration assay, we demonstrated that transfection of COS-1 cells with various proMMP cDNAs resulted in enhancement of cell migration. Latent MMP-2 and MMP-9 enhanced cell migration to a greater extent than latent MMP-...
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PMID: 18636552
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We discovered that RUNT-related transcription factor 4 (RUNX4), the orthologue of Drosophila Lozenge, bound to the RUNT binding motif in the promoter of mosquito PPO genes and stimulated the expression of Drosophila PPO-A1 and PPO3 in S2 cell line. The immune effects caused by Cactus depletion were...
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PMID: 19011100
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Biological Chemistry (283)45 2008
Abstract
We demonstrated that the recombinant zymogen is glycosylated at the level of its propeptide. We showed that the activation mechanism of proDer p 3 is intermolecular and is mediated by the house dust mite cysteine protease Der p 1. The primary structure of the proDer p 3 propeptide is associated with...
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PMID: 18725410
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Biological Chemistry (283)45 2008
Abstract
We generated cardio-specific ARC transgenic mice using a mouse alpha-myosin heavy chain promoter. Compared with the control, the hearts of ARC transgenic mice showed a 3-fold overexpression of ARC. Langendoff preparation showed that the hearts isolated from ARC transgenic mice exhibited improved rec...
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PMID: 18782777
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We present the first X-ray crystal structure of human meizothrombin desF1 solved in the presence of the active site inhibitor PPACK at 2.1 A resolution. The structure reveals a Na(+) binding site whose architecture is practically identical to that of human thrombin. Stopped-flow measurements of Na(+...
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PMID: 18854941
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Carcinogenesis (29)10 2008
Abstract
We have reported previously that ectopic MYCN expression promotes proliferation of neuroblastoma Tet21N cells and simultaneously sensitizes them to the drug-induced apoptosis. In search for genes that are involved in MYCN-dependent regulation of drug resistance, we used a function-based gene cloning...
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PMID: 18566016
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Prophenoloxidase (PPO) was isolated from the hemolymph of Ostrinia furnacalis larvae and purified to homogeneity. A 369.85-fold purification and 35.34% recovery of activity were achieved by employing ammonium sulfate precipitation, Blue Sepharose CL-6B chromatography and Phenyl Sepharose CL-4B chrom...
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PMID: 18577463
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We review the possible functions of CD and its various forms in cells and organisms during physiological and pathological conditions....
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PMID: 18396408
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biochemistry (Washington) (47)38 2008
Abstract
Bone sialoprotein (BSP) has been shown to induce limited gelatinase activity in latent matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) without removal of the propeptide and to restore enzymatic activity to MMP-2 previously inhibited by tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP2). The current study ide...
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PMID: 18729384
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Plant Physiology (148)1 2008
Abstract
We present the dynamics of native chlorophyllase (Chlase) and chlorophyll breakdown in lemon (Citrus limon) fruit during ethylene-induced color-break. We show, using in situ immunofluorescence on ethylene-treated fruit peel (flavedo) tissue, that citrus Chlase is located in the plastid, in contrast...
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PMID: 18633118
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We previously found that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) promotes activation of proMMP-9 in human skin, and characterized the converting activities as tissue-associated chymotrypsin-like proteinases. On the other hand, the pathophysiologic inhibitor to prevent proMMP-9 maturation also remain...
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PMID: 18401426
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
European Journal of Pharmacology (591)1-3 2008
Abstract
We hypothesized that lercanidipine, a calcium channel blocker, could attenuate the increases in oxidative stress and MMP-2 expression/activity in the two-kidney, one-clip (2K-1C) hypertensive rats. Sham-operated or 2K-1C hypertension rats were treated with lercanidipine 2.5 mg/kg/day (or vehicle) st...
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PMID: 18634778
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Circulation Research (103)5 2008
Abstract
We examined the effect of T555I and Q568P amino acid substitutions on corin function. We found that corin frizzled-like domain 2, where T555I/Q568P substitutions occur, was required for efficient pro-ANP processing in functional assays. Mutant corin lacking this domain had 30+/-5% (P<0.01) activity...
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PMID: 18669922
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
VTDCE (Vitelin-Degrading Cysteine Endopeptidase) is a peptidase with an active role in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus embryogenesis. VTDCE is found in the tick's eggs and was shown to be the most active protein in vitellin (VT) hydrolysis of the three peptidases already characterized in R. micr...
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PMID: 18490061
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We identified for the first time the precursor of chicken matrix metalloprotease 2 (pro-MMP-2) as a complex with TIMP-2 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases) in egg white and yolk. Real-time polymerase chain reaction confirmed that MMP-2 and its inhibitors TIMP-2 and TIMP-3 were expressed all alo...
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PMID: 18620399
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A reverse zymogram method for the detection of bacterial lysozyme inhibitors was developed. This method was validated by using a periplasmic protein extract of Escherichia coli containing a known inhibitor and subsequently led to the detection of a new proteinaceous hen egg white lysozyme inhibitor...
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PMID: 18539812
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We discovered that a minute amount of PAP1 (a final component of the proteinase pathway) caused a remarkable increase in PO activity in plasma from naïve larvae, which was significantly higher than that from the same amounts of PAP1, proPO and SPHs incubated in vitro. The enhanced proPO activation...
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PMID: 18625399
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We demonstrate that the signal peptide processing in Escherichia coli is an event that can occur after almost complete exocytoplasmic translocation of the preprotein is accomplished. We discuss implications of the findings in light of the known working model of sec-dependent pre-protein translocon....
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PMID: 18651317
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Nutrition (138)8 2008
Abstract
We investigated the ability of all-trans retinoic acid (atRA), a bioactive metabolite of vitamin A, to modulate DC adhesion in culture. Male BALB/cJ mouse bone marrow cells cultured with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in the presence of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) alpha-specific a...
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PMID: 18641199
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Urology (180)2 2008
Abstract
%[-2]proenzyme prostate specific antigen was the best predictor of prostate cancer detection compared to percent free prostate specific antigen, particularly in the 2 to 10 ng/ml total prostate specific antigen range. These findings provide a rationale for broader validation studies to determine whe...
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PMID: 18550118
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.