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Abstract
We depleted the intestinal microbiota of mice with antibiotics before inoculation with poliovirus, an enteric virus. Antibiotic-treated mice were less susceptible to poliovirus disease and supported minimal viral replication in the intestine. Exposure to bacteria or their N-acetylglucosamine-contain...
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PMID: 21998395
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PDF is available here.
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Abstract
We investigated the effects of eight days of oral antibiotic exposure (penicillin and streptomycin sulfate) on gut microbial composition and host metabolic phenotype in male Han-Wistar rats (n = 6) compared to matched controls. Early recolonization was assessed in a third group exposed to antibiotic...
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PMID: 21591676
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
These results show that wild animals constitute an appropriate source for the isolation of bacteriocinogenic enterococci....
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PMID: 21819651
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
New England Journal of Medicine (364)26 2011
Abstract
Abstract
Our discovery of domestic dog bone in a human paleofecal sample provides the earliest direct evidence for human consumption of dogs in the New World. These data support the hypothesis that dogs were a food source for early Paleoamericans. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc....
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PMID: 21541929
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
These results suggest that the rotavirus VP6, NSP1 and NSP5 genes of Wa-like rotaviruses are more prone to temporal mutations. Both structural and nonstructural genes of the Western Indian rotavirus strains shared nucleotide and amino acid substitutions with the Bangladeshi strain, Dhaka16-03 (G1P[8...
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PMID: 21256248
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
ISME Journal (5)2 2011
Abstract
We examined the influence of precisely controlled diets in 14 overweight men. Volunteers were provided successively with a control diet, diets high in resistant starch (RS) or non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) and a reduced carbohydrate weight loss (WL) diet, over 10 weeks. Analysis of 16S rRNA sequ...
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PMID: 20686513
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We randomly assigned patients to receive fidaxomicin (200 mg twice daily) or vancomycin (125 mg four times daily) orally for 10 days. The primary end point was clinical cure (resolution of symptoms and no need for further therapy for C. difficile infection as of the second day after the end of the c...
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PMID: 21288078
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
In order to define future chemoprevention strategies for adenomas or carcinomas in the pouch of patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), a 4-weeks intervention with (1) sulindac, (2) inulin/VSL#3, and (3) sulindac/inulin/VSL#3 was performed on 17 patients with FAP in a single center interv...
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PMID: 21243500
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Virology Journal (8)1 2011
Abstract
We assessed the immune effects of different regimens in mice, including rAd prime-VLP2/6 boost (rAd+VLP), VLP2/6 prime-rAd boost (VLP+rAd), rAd alone, and VLP alone.
Mice immunized with the VLP+rAd regimen elicit stronger humoral, mucosal, and cellular immune responses than those imm...
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PMID: 21205330
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The human pathogen, group A rotavirus, is the most prevalent cause of acute infantile and pediatric gastroenteritis worldwide, especially in developing countries. There is an urgent demand for safer, more effective and cheaper vaccines against rotavirus infection. Plant-derived antig...
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PMID: 21104033
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We present Japanese cases of EGIDs in infants.
Five patients diagnosed with or strongly suspected to have EGIDs in our hospital from 2008 to 2010 were reviewed. Radiographic contrast enema examinations and/or endoscopies were performed in 4 and 3 patients, respectively....
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PMID: 21646794
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Knowledge about how frugivory and seed deposition are spatially distributed is valuable to understand the role of dispersers on the structure and dynamics of plant populations. This may be particularly important within anthropogenic areas, where either the patchy distribution of wild plants or the pr...
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PMID: 21297861
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
British Journal of Nutrition (105)1 2011
Abstract
We investigated the effect of supplemental β-carotene for maternal mice during pregnancy and lactation on IgA antibody-secreting cells (ASC) in mammary gland and guts and on IgA transfer from milk to neonatal mice. Pregnant mice were fed untreated or 50 mg/kg β-carotene-supplemented diets from 6...
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PMID: 20727240
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A two-part challenge study was done in marmoset monkeys to confirm the efficacy of an inactivated hepatitis A vaccine. In part 1 (preexposure), 7 marmosets received a single low dose of vaccine (360 ELISA units [EL.U.]) and were challenged orally with wild type hepatitis A virus (HAV) either 1 or 6...
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PMID: 7876647
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Euro surveillance : bulletin europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin (15)48 2010
Abstract
To identify procedures employed by publicly funded clinical diagnostic laboratories in the United Kingdom (UK) for the detection of Cryptosporidium in community cases of diarrhoea, a telephone survey was conducted between August 2008 and January 2009 of all such laboratories that test stools from co...
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PMID: 21144447
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Acta Tropica (116)3 2010
Abstract
A population-representative lot quality assurance sampling (LQAS) survey was conducted in 2009 to determine the prevalence of intestinal helminth infections among schoolchildren across Osh oblast, Kyrgyzstan. The diagnostic approach consisted of duplicate Kato-Katz thick smears from a single stool s...
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PMID: 20615381
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Epidemiology and Infection (138)12 2010
Abstract
Few reports exist regarding the association between onychomadesis and an enterovirus infection presenting clinically as hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). In February 2009, an outbreak of HFMD occurred in a Spanish nursery school, followed by onychomadesis 36-69 days later. Twelve of 17 children...
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PMID: 20854714
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Epidemiology and Infection (138)12 2010
Abstract
A case-control and a case-crossover study were performed to investigate a Campylobacter jejuni outbreak in Crete in 2009. Most cases originated from rural areas, served by a different water-supply system from that of the adjacent town. Thirty-seven cases and 79 controls were interviewed; cases were...
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PMID: 20836911
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
British Journal of Nutrition (104)12 2010
Abstract
We hypothesised that unheated phaseolin influences mucin flow and gene expression, and that phaseolin heat treatment reverses these effects. The hypothesis was tested using a control diet containing casein as the sole protein source and three other diets with casein being replaced by 33 and 67 % of...
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PMID: 20673379
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
British Journal of Nutrition (104)12 2010
Abstract
We hypothesised that probiotic bacteria improve insulin sensitivity by attenuating systemic inflammation. Therefore, the effects of oral supplementation with the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM on insulin sensitivity and the inflammatory response were investigated in subjects with...
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PMID: 20815975
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
British Journal of Nutrition (104)12 2010
Abstract
We showed that dietary Ca decreases whereas dietary short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scFOS) increase intestinal permeability in rats. However, it is unknown how and where in the gastrointestinal tract Ca and scFOS exert their effects. Rats were fed a Western low-Ca control diet, or a similar die...
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PMID: 20691137
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Clinical Nephrology (74)6 2010
Abstract
Our goal was therefore not only to establish the frequency but also the severity of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in hemodialysis patients.
the study included 50 hemodialysis patients with no history of acute or chronic pancreatitis or upper abdominal symptoms of uncertain origin. All patients w...
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PMID: 21084049
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Clinical Nephrology (74)6 2010
Abstract
We here present the case of an 18-year-old male patient with crampy abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and fever. Three weeks later urinalysis revealed mild proteinuria and hematuria and a marked raise in serum creatinine was observed. Renal biopsy demonstrated acute endocapillary glomerulonephriti...
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PMID: 21084052
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
An outbreak of cholera is ongoing in Haiti. On October 21, 2010, toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1, serotype Ogawa, biotype El Tor was identified by the National Laboratory of Public Health of the Ministry of Public Health and Population in Haiti. Identification of the isolate was confirmed by CDC. Antim...
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PMID: 21048563
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
These results demonstrate that intranasal inoculation with B. subtilis spore-based rotavirus vaccines is effective in generating protective immunity against rotavirus challenge in mice....
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PMID: 20810679
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The objective of this cross-sectional study was to compare the prevalence of Salmonella and antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella, as well as investigate the distribution of this pathogen in organic and conventional broiler poultry farms. Fecal (n = 420), feed (n = 140), and drinking wa...
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PMID: 20617937
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We report such a case in Shigella flexneri from an 8-year old girl with acute dysentery....
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PMID: 21078255
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Parasitology (137)13 2010
Abstract
Praziquantel is widely used for the treatment of human schistosomiasis. However, in recent years, there has been increasing concern about the resistance of Schistosoma species to praziquantel. The study described here was designed to evaluate the current susceptibility to praziquantel in S. japonicu...
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PMID: 20810006
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Semi-automated extraction of microbial DNA from feces for qPCR and phylogenetic microarray analysis.
Abstract
We combined mechanical disruption of microbial cells by repeated bead-beating (RBB) with two automated DNA extraction methods, KingFisher with InviMag Stool DNA kit (KF) and NucliSENS easyMAG (NeM). The semi-automated DNA extraction methods, RBB combined with either KF or NeM, were compared to the m...
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PMID: 20849891
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde (135)21 2010
Abstract
In Autumn 2009, a faecal egg count reduction test (FERCT) was carried out on three sheep farms. Groups of 8-11 lambs were treated with ivermectin or moxidectin, with a 14-day interval between treatment and sampling. Ivermectin resistance was present on all three farms. Treatment with ivermectin resu...
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PMID: 21141150
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
British Journal of Nutrition (104)9 2010
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown an inverse relationship between risk of CVD and intake of whole grain (WG)-rich food. Regular consumption of breakfast cereals can provide not only an increase in dietary WG but also improvements to cardiovascular health. Various mechanisms have been proposed, incl...
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PMID: 20487589
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
British Journal of Nutrition (104)10 2010
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a paediatric tube feed supplemented with a multifibre mixture on the gut microbiota and nutritional and micronutrient status of children on long-term enteral nutrition (EN). A randomised, controlled, double-blind, cross-over trial (2 ...
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PMID: 20687970
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
British Journal of Nutrition (104)10 2010
Abstract
There is concern regarding the possible negative effects of ingestion of dietary fibre on growth and intestinal Fe absorption in infants. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of a fibre mixture on the growth and the intestinal absorption of Fe in rats with Fe-deficiency anaemia wit...
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PMID: 20687971
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
British Journal of Nutrition (104)10 2010
Abstract
There is limited knowledge about the possible effect of unabsorbed dietary antioxidants that reach the large intestine on bowel habits. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether a dietary recommendation directed to increase diet total antioxidant capacity (TAC) is able to affect gut fu...
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PMID: 20579404
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
British Journal of Nutrition (104)10 2010
Abstract
The effectiveness of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) as a weight-loss nutraceutical continues to be debatable, suggesting that there may be value in exploring the physiological effects of the lesser-known isomers. The effects of the minor isomer, trans-8, cis-10 (t8, c10)-CLA, in the form of an equim...
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PMID: 20609266
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We aimed to analyse infant (birth characteristics, feeding type, faecal enzyme activities) and environmental (maternal smoking, nutrition and psychological status, mother-child bonding, family structure, support for the mother, familial atopy) risk factors for infant colic and to follow infants with...
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PMID: 20955236
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Archives of Microbiology (192)11 2010
Abstract
We first used human flora-associated (HFA) piglets, a significantly improved model for research on human gut microbiota, to study the effects of short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scFOS) on the gut bacterial populations. Ten neonatal HFA piglets were assigned to receive basal diets alone or supple...
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PMID: 20844866
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
I (non-parasitized) was pre-treated with 3 repeated administrations of 5mg/kg bw of fenbendazole to maintain a non-parasitized condition. In Group II (parasitized), the lambs did not receive any anthelmintic treatment. After 85 d of the pre-treatment period, both groups were treated with a subcutane...
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PMID: 20828822
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
To evaluate long-term endocrine and exocrine pancreatic function, quality of life and health care costs after mild acute pancreatitis and severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).
Patients prospectively included in 2001-2005 were followed-up after 42 (36-53) mo. Pancreatic function was evaluated with laborat...
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PMID: 20954281
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The impact of human intestinal bacteria on the bioavailability of the prenylflavonoid xanthohumol (XN) was studied by comparing germ-free (GF) and human microbiota-associated (HMA) rats. After XN application, XN, XN conjugates, and isoxanthohumol (IX) conjugates occurred in blood sam...
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PMID: 20397197
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A major source of intestinal metabolites results from both host and microbial processing of dietary nutrients. (1)H NMR-based metabolic profiling of mouse feces was carried out over time in different microbiome mouse models, including conventional (n = 9), conventionalized (n = 10),...
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PMID: 20806900
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Eastern Mediterranean health journal = La revue de sante de la Mediterranee orientale = al-Majallah al-sihhiyah li-sharq al-mutawassit (16)10 2010
Abstract
The introduction of a rotavirus vaccine makes it important to determine the need for vaccination n a population. This study in Jordan in 2007-08 determined the incidence and clinical features of rotavirus gastroenteritis among children aged under 5 years admitted to hospital with diarrhoea. Of 148 c...
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PMID: 21222424
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We investigated 163 children ≤5 years of age, without a recent history of diarrhea (≤10 days).
Asymptomatic norovirus infections were observed in 11.7% (19/163), with children ≤6 months of age being most frequently infected (16%). Of the 19 norovirus-positive children, 4 (21%) and 10 (53%) wer...
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PMID: 20657344
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We analyzed 115 patients: 32 with ulcerative colitis (UC), 44 with Crohn's disease (CD), 9 with hemorrhagia from the lower part of the digestive tract, but without inflammatory bowel disease and 30 from the control group. In all patients were measured the concentration of calprotectin in the sample...
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PMID: 21207640
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis is often delayed owing to patients presenting with nonspecific gastrointestinal complaints, a low parasite load and irregular larval output. Although several diagnostic methods exist to detect the presence of S. stercoralis there is no gold standard. In immunoc...
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PMID: 20733481
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) has emerged as one of the most important diseases in cattle. The role of infected bull semen in the spread of infection remains unclear, as the correlation between the amount of excreted Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (semen and feces) and the infectio...
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PMID: 20460836
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
To update the reader on the latest developments in the laboratory diagnosis of intestinal protozoa.
Correct identification of a diarrhoea causing pathogens is essential for the choice of treatment in an individual patient as well as to map the aetiology of diarrhoea in a variety of patient populatio...
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PMID: 20683263
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
We have shown that a predator-induced increase in maternal stress hormone levels resulted in a decline in reproduction. Here we examine population and hormone changes over a four-year period from the increase (2005) to the decline (2008). We report (1) that an index of maternal stress (fecal cortico...
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PMID: 21058558
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
In January-March 2000, the impact of intestinal helminthiases on the nutritional status of 749 pupils (353 boys and 396 girls) attending public primary schools in the Ife Central local government area of Osun state, in south-western Nigeria, was investigated. Demographic, socio-economic and other re...
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PMID: 21092395
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
We collected fecal samples and focal animal data from 18 individual primates in four social groups. Feces were stored in either 10% buffered formalin or 95% ethanol and examined using a double-centrifugation sugar-flotation technique. The prevalence of Controrchis spp. was 89%, and the mean intensit...
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PMID: 20966290
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We collected blood from 104 adult, female boreal caribou captured between March 2003 and February 2006 and measured serum biochemical parameters. Serum creatinine was higher in pregnant than in nonpregnant caribou. Several biochemical parameters differed among years, but they tended to be similar to...
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PMID: 20966261
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We investigated how observed variation in the prevalence and intensity of parasite egg or oocyst shedding in four co-occurring ungulate species may reflect underlying seasonal variation in transmission and host immunity. This study was conducted July 2005-October 2006 in Etosha National Park, Namibi...
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PMID: 20966262
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Our results confirm the role of otters as potential carriers of Salmonella and the importance of environmental exposure to antimicrobial agents in selection for resistance in bacteria....
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PMID: 20966276
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.