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Weightlessness Countermeasures (0):
Recent article
Weightlessness Countermeasures
Abstract
The CMG demonstrated consistently higher scores on the BART (Days 20 to 40; Mean: CMG, 43.0 to 46.2 and CG, 30.2 to 25.5) and lower levels of arousal on the Affect Grid (Days 7 to 40; Mean: CMG, 6.9 to 6.7 and CG, 8.1 to 8.0) than did the CG. The CMG showed significantly higher performance on the Ar...
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PMID: 20681235
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
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Clinical calcium (20)4 2010
Abstract
The assembly of the Japanese Experiment Module "Kibo" to international space station was completed in 2009 and Koichi Wakata became the first Japanese station astronaut who spent more than 4 months in the station. Bone and muscle losses are significant medical concerns for long duration human space...
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PMID: 20354327
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We quantified the impact of a 60-day head-down tilt bed rest (HDBR) with countermeasures on the arterial response to supine lower body negative pressure (LBNP). Twenty-four women [8 control (Con), 8 exercise + LBNP (Ex-LBNP), and 8 nutrition (Nut) subjects] were studied during LBNP (0 to -45 mmHg) b...
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PMID: 18757480
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We review evidence that suggests a "passive" countermeasure in the form of dynamic foot stimulation (DFS) to the plantar surfaces of the feet may be a useful supplement to more traditional exercise countermeasures. This includes reports from both Russian and American investigators using both human a...
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PMID: 18717120
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Future long-duration spaceflights are now being planned to the Moon and Mars as a part of the "Vision for Space Exploration" program initiated by NASA in 2004. This report describes the design reference missions for the International Space Station, Lunar Base, and eventually a Mars Expedition. There...
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PMID: 18581950
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Higher oscillations in CBFV while breathing with the active ITD may account for the reduction in symptom severity during orthostatic hypotension despite the same fall in absolute CBFV....
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PMID: 18581938
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
CTW and ETW days 11-20, 21-30, and 31-40, as well as CAP and EAP days 11-20 and 21-30 showed the following significant ALB-W > ALB-M, PLA-M > PLA-W. CAP and EAP days 31-40 showed the following significant ALB-W, ALB-M, PLA-M > PLA-W. DISCUSSION: The combined RE-albuterol treatment most likely evoked...
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PMID: 18581941
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We hypothesized that a concurrent exercise program (AE + RE) would preserve soleus fiber myosin heavy chain (MHC) I size and function during 60 days of bed rest. A secondary objective was to test the hypothesis that a leucine-enriched high protein diet would partially protect soleus single fiber cha...
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PMID: 18094071
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Anatomy (212)3 2008
Abstract
We conclude that exercise countermeasure during bed rest affected both NOS/NO signalling and proteolysis in female skeletal muscle. Maintenance of NO signalling mechanisms and normal protein turnover by exercise countermeasure may be crucial steps to attenuate human skeletal muscle atrophy and to ma...
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PMID: 18221329
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We hypothesized that a regimen of combined resistive and aerobic exercise during BR would prevent bone resorption and promote bone formation. After a 20-day ambulatory adaptation to controlled confinement and diet, 16 women participated in a 60-day, 6 degrees head-down-tilt BR and were assigned rand...
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PMID: 18249055
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
There were no significant differences between the RA vs. PL groups: mean arterial blood pressure dropped by 13 vs. 17%, pulse pressure 46 vs. 35%, heart rate increased 108 vs. 117%, and stroke volume index decreased 54 vs. 49% from supine control to presyncope. Neither did RA influence standing time...
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PMID: 18309905
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Body fluid regulation is affected by gravity. The primary mechanisms of the etiology of hypovolemia found in simulation studies on earth and after space flight are different. The increased diuresis after increase of central blood volume postulated by Henry Gauer could not be found. Based on recent f...
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PMID: 17630598
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The weightless environment of space imposes specific physiologic adaptations on healthy astronauts. On return to Earth, these adaptations manifest as physical impairments that necessitate a period of rehabilitation. Physiologic changes result from unloading in microgravity and highly correlate with...
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PMID: 17167347
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We aimed to identify any acute head up tilt changes in mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, total peripheral resistance, cardiac output, stroke volume, or heart rate, which might predict tolerance or changes in tolerance with HDBR. Generally, these attempts were largely unsuccessful. The results...
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PMID: 18372701
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that 60 days of head-down bed rest (HDBR) would affect cerebrovascular autoregulation and that this change would be correlated with changes in tolerance to the upright posture. Twenty-four healthy women (32 +/- 4 yrs) participated in a 60-d bed rest study at the MEDES Clinic...
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PMID: 18372700
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
At LBNP-45mmHg, the maximal enlargement of the Tib and Gast veins remained constant pre, and at HDT day 55 in all group (Co, Ex, Nut, finisher, non finisher). For both veins there was a higher vein distension (percent change from supine rest to -45mmHg) in Co and Nut group compared to Ex group despi...
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PMID: 18372698
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This investigation set out to determine the effect of 56 days of head-down tilt bed rest (HDBR) and an exercise countermeasure on endothelial dependent and independent vascular function. 24women took part in this study. 8 subjects completed lower body resistance and aerobic exercise (EX, treadmill r...
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PMID: 18372697
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We conducted a series of experiments to explore changes in cardiovascular function and the ability of EX to prevent these changes. Resting arterial diameter in the arm was not affected but the leg arteries (femoral and popliteal) were significantly reduced in Np-EX, but was increased in EX. In this...
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PMID: 18372696
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
At Post HDT 10 min Tilt: cerebral flow decreased similarly in the 3 groups, but more in the non finishers than in the finishers, while the femoral decreased similarly in all groups. Leg vascular resistance and cerebral/femoral flow ratio increased less in the Co and Nut gr than in the Ex gr, and als...
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PMID: 18372693
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Head down bed-rest for 21 days was used as a ground analog of space flight in a pilot study to assess the pros and cons of daily 1 hr short radius centrifugation as a flight countermeasure. Positive results were found for cardiovascular and muscle protection, effectiveness was indicated for bone pro...
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PMID: 18372689
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The Space Flight Cognitive Assessment Tool for Windows (WinSCAT) is used on the International Space Station to evaluate cognitive functioning after physical insult or trauma. The current study uses WinSCAT to assess cognitive functioning in a space flight analog (bed rest) environment where intermit...
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PMID: 18372688
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Numerous studies have indicated that dysregulation of the immune system occurs during or after spaceflight. Using 21 day 6 head-down tilt bed rest as a spaceflight analog, this study describes the effects of a daily artificial gravity (AG) countermeasure treatment on immunity, stress, and reactivati...
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PMID: 18372687
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
In preparing for the NASA Artificial Gravity Pilot Study the planned centrifuge loading protocol was tested in 11 ambulatory subjects (6 men, 5 women). Each was subjected to a single 60 min trial with 2.5G of equivalent gravitational load feet and 1G at the level of the mediastinum. Amongst the men,...
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PMID: 18372686
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have summarized the medical monitoring observations that were made during the AGPS and included an assessment of the relative usefulness of the information provided by the various monitoring tools in making a decision to terminate a centrifuge spin....
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PMID: 18372685
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have implemented a 41-day ground-based study to investigate the effects of daily artificial gravity loading on bed rest deconditioned human subjects. Each subject underwent 21 days of 6 degree head-down bed rest. Treatment subjects received 60 min daily doses of inertial mechanical loading (2.5 G...
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PMID: 18372684
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The NASA Artificial Gravity Bed Rest Pilot Study was the first cross-institutional study to investigate the effectiveness of intermittent artificial gravity (AG) as a multi-system countermeasure to bed rest deconditioning in human subjects. Daily treatments by 60 min exposures to short radius centri...
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PMID: 18372683
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We studied the hemodynamic, autonomic nervous and hormonal responses to the restriction of femoral blood flow by KAATSU in healthy male subjects, using the ultrasonography and impedance cardiography. The pressurization on both thighs induced pooling of blood into the legs with pressure-dependent red...
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PMID: 17342543
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Harsh environment and extreme factors related to the supposed exploration missions to Mars are considered as well as concomitant human organism reactions. Further investigations are required to get insight into the effects of gravity ranging from microgravity to hypogravity to hypergravity the crew...
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PMID: 17650616
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The potential for loss of bone mineral mass due to space flight was recognized by space scientists even before man's first venture into micro-gravity. Early life science studies in both the U.S. and Russian space programs attempted to measure the effects of reduced gravity on skeletal homeostasis, a...
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PMID: 17396004
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Illusory motion was minimized using a visual focal point, and did not affect the ability of subjects to perform squats. The mean standing relative foot forces at 3.0 Gz were 2.3 and 2.4 for the male and female subjects, respectively. The work rate required to power the space cycle was a linear funct...
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PMID: 17225475
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A load of 100% BW resulted in similar GRF profiles (peak and rate of change of force) to those reported for 1-g running over ground and were also comfortably tolerated (mean Borg scale rating 3.9/10). DISCUSSION: With an appropriate harness and SLD system, 1-g-like GRF profiles can be generated at t...
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PMID: 17086763
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Changes in the quadriceps femoris muscle with respect to anatomical cross sectional area (CSA), neural activation level and muscle strength were determined in 18 healthy men subjected to 8 weeks of horizontal bed rest (BR) with (n = 9) and without (n = 9) resistive vibration exercise (RVE). CSA of t...
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PMID: 16786354
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Muscle & Nerve (34)2 2006
Abstract
These results suggest that, during fatiguing, dynamic, variable-force tasks, changes in CV cannot be indirectly inferred by EMG spectral analysis. This underlines the importance of measuring both CV and spectral variables for muscle assessment in dynamic tasks....
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PMID: 16688721
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Brain Research (1091)1 2006
Abstract
The Mars Gravity Biosatellite will offer investigators a unique environment for sensorimotor research. Fifteen mice will fly for 5 weeks in low Earth orbit before being returned safely to the ground. Chronic 35-rpm rotation will produce artificial gravity equal to that on the surface of Mars (0.38 g...
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PMID: 16630591
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
International Journal of Impotence Research (17 Suppl 1) 2005
Abstract
The genitourinary (GU) system is not uncommonly affected during previous spaceflights. GU issues that have been observed during spaceflight include urinary calculi, infections, retention, waste management, and reproductive. In-flight countermeasures for each of these issues are being developed to re...
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PMID: 16391546
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We compiled data from three HDBR campaigns, one on women (n=8) in November 1998 and two on the same men (n=8) in December 1997 (without countermeasure) and January 1998 (with thigh-cuffs countermeasure), according to a crossover design. Body composition was assessed before and after 6 days of HDBR....
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PMID: 16151838
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
Objective: To investigate effects of Chinese herb-compound on blood rheology and circulatory system of rabbits under simulated weightlessness in order to provide bases for protecting against the influence of simulated weightlessness on cardiovascular function. Method: Rabbits were exposed to head-do...
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PMID: 16224845
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Objective: To study the effects of 100 Hz vibration on ultrastructure of intrafusal and extrafusal fibers in soleus muscle of tail-suspended rats. Method: Weightlessness was simulated by tail suspension of female rats. The ultrastructure of intrafusal and extrafusal fibers of soleus muscle were exam...
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PMID: 16224847
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This paper reviews the interventions to stabilize calcium balance and bone metabolism and prevent bone loss in astronauts during space flight. Weightlessness during space flight results in calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin K deficiency, increases urinary calcium excretion, decreases intestinal calcium...
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PMID: 16077253
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Gravitational and space biology bulletin : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology (18)2 2005
Abstract
Animal models have been used to study the effects of space flight on physiological systems. The animal models have been used because of the limited availability of human subjects for studies to be carried out in space as well as because of the need to carry out experiments requiring samples and expe...
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PMID: 16038091
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Gravitational and space biology bulletin : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology (18)2 2005
Abstract
Bone loss in the lower extremities and lumbar spine is an established consequence of long-duration human space flight. Astronauts typically lose as much bone mass in the proximal femur in 1 month as postmenopausal women on Earth lose in 1 year. Pharmacological interventions have not been routinely u...
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PMID: 16038092
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Gravitational and space biology bulletin : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology (18)2 2005
Abstract
There is little evidence obtained from space flight to support the notion that occurrence of cardiac dysrhythmias, impaired cardiac and vascular function, and manifestation of asymptomatic cardiovascular disease represent serious risks during space flight. Therefore, the development of orthostatic h...
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PMID: 16038093
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Gravitational and space biology bulletin : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology (18)2 2005
Abstract
We document that a nutritional nucleotide supplementation as studied in ground-based microgravity analogs, has potential to serve as a countermeasure for the immune dysfunction observed in space travel....
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PMID: 16044627
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Aviation Week & Space Technology (162)17 2005
Abstract
Abstract
Objective: To further disclose mechanisms in adaptation of pulmonary and systemic arteries to simulated microgravity (SM), so as to elucidate the mechanisms accounting for orthostatic intolerance after SM, and to explore a new kind of countermeasure for orthostatic intolerance. Method: 300 tail susp...
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PMID: 15852533
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
I and II fibers and the relative proportion of type I fibers were measured using Leica image analysis system. The right soleus was homogenized and stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue following electrophoresis on 8% SDS-PAGE under 70 V and < 4 degrees C for 28 h. The Scion image software was used t...
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PMID: 15852534
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Evolving on Earth has made humans perfectly adapted, both physiologically and biomechanically, to its gravity and atmospheric conditions. Leaving the Earth and its protective environment, therefore, results in the degradation of a number of human systems. Long-duration stays on the International Spa...
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PMID: 15852539
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Acta Astronautica (56)9-12 2005
Abstract
Short-radius centrifugation is a potential countermeasure against the effects of prolonged weightlessness. Head movements in a rotating environment, however, induce serious side effects: inappropriate vestibular ocular reflexes (VOR), body-tilt illusions and motion sickness induced by cross-coupled...
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PMID: 15835032
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Acta Astronautica (56)9-12 2005
Abstract
Four payload crewmembers were exposed to sustained linear acceleration in a centrifuge during the Neurolab (STS-90) flight. In contrast to previous studies, otolith-ocular reflexes were preserved during and after flight. This raised the possibility that artificial gravity may have acted as a counter...
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PMID: 15835033
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Acta Astronautica (56)9-12 2005
Abstract
We were able to infer the perceived direction of illumination. This provides an indirect measure of the subject's perception of the direction of "up". The different cues contributing to this percept were separated by varying the orientation of the subject and the orientation of the visual background...
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PMID: 15838949
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Acta Astronautica (56)9-12 2005
Abstract
We propose that mechanical stimulation of the soles serves to partially restore the afference associated with bipedal loading and assists in attenuating the negative neuromotor consequences of spaceflight. A dynamic foot stimulus device was used to stimulate the soles in a variety of conditions with...
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PMID: 15835006
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Acta Astronautica (57)2-8 2005
Abstract
To test the effectiveness of centrifuge-induced artificial gravity with ergometric exercise, 12 healthy young men (20.7 +/- 1.9 yr) were exposed to simulated microgravity for 14 days of -6 degrees head-down bedrest. Half the subjects were randomly selected and loaded 1.2 G artificial gravity with 60...
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PMID: 16010754
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Acta Astronautica (56)9-12 2005
Abstract
Gravitational and space biology bulletin : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology (18)1 2004
Abstract
Abstract
We aimed to test whether lower limb resistance exercise with flywheel technology can prevent the fluid homeostasis alterations induced by 90-day head-down tilt bed-rest (HDT), and thus improve orthostatic tolerance. Total body water (TBW, measured by isotope dilution) and plasma volume (PV, calculat...
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PMID: 15170571
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We should pay much more attention to the AD muscle group when considering countermeasures for future human spaceflight projects....
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PMID: 15278355
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
These results can help set guidelines for future experiments aimed at validating the regimes of centrifugation as a countermeasure for space missions. Current and future research projects using artificial gravity conditions in humans are discussed....
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PMID: 15156322
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The efficacy of countermeasure exercise for diminishing disturbances induced by microgravity in motor system and its visceral supply during different stages of long-duration flight was evaluated. The results of both bicycle and locomotor testing indicate that physical fitness of cosmonaut does not b...
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PMID: 16240524
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have reported that centrifuge-induced artificial gravity with ergometric exercise could reduce developing cardiovascular deconditioning in humans. In the present study, we examined this load could prevent the myatrophy and osteoporosis induced by head-down bedrest for 20 days. Subjects were ten h...
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PMID: 16240530
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.