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Body Composition (2):
Recent article
Body Composition
Abstract
We have compiled published data to show that, in spite of their primitive life-style, jellyfishes exhibit similar instantaneous prey clearance and respiration rates as their fish competitors and similar potential for growth and reproduction. To achieve this production, they have evolved large, water...
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PMID: 21921197
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
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AAOHN Journal (59)8 2011
Abstract
This cross-sectional study explored the work-related and individual factors that contributed to the occurrence of low back pain and affected activities of 36 personal care workers at an old age home in Hong Kong. The study was divided into four parts: (1) a questionnaire documenting workload exposure...
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PMID: 21800797
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Assessing energy requirements is a fundamental activity in clinical dietetics practice. A study was designed to determine whether published linear regression equations were accurate for predicting resting energy expenditure (REE) in fasted Hispanic children with obesity (aged 7 to 15...
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PMID: 21802568
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We conclude that a gardening, nutrition, and cooking intervention is a promising approach to improve dietary intake and attenuate weight gain in Latino children, particularly in those who are overweight.
Copyright © 2011 American Dietetic Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All...
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PMID: 21802571
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We found increased numbers of CLS, activation of the NF-κB transcription factor, and elevated aromatase levels and activity in the mammary glands of obese mice. These preclinical findings raised the possibility that the obesity → inflammation axis is important for the development and progression...
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PMID: 21622727
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The purpose was to examine relationships between age, fat mass, and bone mineral density (BMD) with resting leptin levels in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Young (aged 18-30yr, n=30) and estrogen-deficient postmenopausal (aged 55-75yr, n=43) women were recruited. Total body...
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PMID: 21600824
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We hypothesized that lean mass would predict hip geometry. Subjects (n=134) for this cross-sectional analysis were men and women aged 56±6yr with non-insulin-requiring T2DM. Fat and lean mass were measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Abdominal fat was measured with magnetic resonan...
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PMID: 21652249
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We determine the systemic and hepatic effects of long-term administration of a very low-carbohydrate, low-protein, and high-fat ketogenic diet, serially comparing these effects to a high-simple-carbohydrate, high-fat Western diet and a low-fat, polysaccharide-rich control chow diet in C57BL/6J mice....
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PMID: 21454445
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
In vitro and animal data suggest that quercetin affects adipogenesis and basal metabolism; however, whether this metabolic effect translates to reductions in body mass or improvement in body composition in humans is unknown. This study investigated 12-week supplementation of 2 differ...
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PMID: 21574787
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Our results demonstrated that variation in Angptl4 concentration was only modestly accounted for by genetic factors and suggest a role for Angptl4 in acquired obesity in humans....
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PMID: 21596930
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Xenobiotica (41)5 2011
Abstract
Studies described in the recent literature support the idea that gene therapy can lead to genuine clinical benefits when mediated by plasmid delivery in conjunction with electroporation. Plasmid-mediated muscle-targeted gene transfer offers the potential of a cost-effective pharmaceutical-grade ther...
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PMID: 18370221
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We developed a flexible measuring system for muscle area using ultrasonography. This method is completely safe and is particularly suitable for elderly people because the subjects are not required to perform any muscular contraction during measurement. The ultrasound probe is installed on a mechanic...
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PMID: 20550979
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Little is known about the association between apoC-III and lipoprotein-lipids in African American (AA) and Caucasian (CA) youths. The aim of this study was to investigate if plasma apoC-III level is associated with ethnicity differences in atherogenic lipoprotein-lipids between AA an...
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PMID: 21574030
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We examined DNA-protective and antioxidative effects exerted in vivo by daily ingestion of 750 mL of freshly brewed coffee rich in both green coffee bean constituents as well as roast products. The study design encompassed an initial 4 wk of wash-out, followed by 4 wk of coffee intake and 4 wk of...
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PMID: 21462335
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We aimed to investigate abundance and proportion of T-lymphocyte sub-populations in human adipose tissue in obesity and potential correlations with anthropometric data, insulin resistance, and systemic and adipose tissue inflammation. Therefore, we analyzed expression of marker genes specific for pa...
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PMID: 20508627
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We evaluated how body fat percentage, measured by a portable near-infrared interactance (NIR) device predicts cardiovascular (CVD), coronary heart disease (CHD), and ischemic stroke events in a prospective population-based survey. The study population consisted of 2,842 men and 3,196 women, who part...
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PMID: 20966903
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We examined whether a systemic marker of oxidative stress, F(2)-isoprostanes (F(2)-IPs), was associated with total and regional adiposity, adipocytokines, and change in adiposity. Using data from 726 participants enrolled in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) study, F(2)-IPs and ad...
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PMID: 20948516
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
New England Journal of Medicine (364)13 2011
Abstract
We evaluated the independent and combined effects of weight loss and exercise in 107 adults who were 65 years of age or older and obese. Participants were randomly assigned to a control group, a weight-management (diet) group, an exercise group, or a weight-management-plus-exercise (diet-exercise) g...
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PMID: 21449785
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
It is unclear whether high plasma leptin in obese individuals represents leptin resistance or whether individuals with marked reductions in leptin concentrations in response to weight loss may be at greater risk of regaining weight. Moreover, whether changes in leptin predict metabolic improvements d...
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PMID: 21289223
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We studied adipose metabolism in 10 baboons (13.0 ± 4.2 years old, 29.5 ± 5.5 kg). Part 1 evaluated the effect of different sedatives on the rate of appearance of plasma free fatty acids (RaFFA), assessed using (13)C(4)-labeled palmitate infusion (7 µmol/kg/min). Animals, were studied with no sed...
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PMID: 21415122
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is more prevalent among African-American (AA) than European-American (EA) women for reasons that are unknown. Ethnic differences in physiological processes related to insulin sensitivity (S(I)) and secretion, and age-related changes in these processes, may play...
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PMID: 20885386
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Clinical Breast Cancer (11)1 2011
Abstract
This study aimed to identify predictors of changes in weight and body composition among women receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer.
Data were from 49 women age 40-54 receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer. Weight, height, and body composition measurements from d...
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PMID: 21421523
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Low serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] have been associated with impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes.
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PMID: 21289226
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
An experiment with 94 growing pigs was conducted to determine the effect of a feed restriction of 25% on performance, carcass quality, organ weight, blood hormone levels and some biochemical parameters. The experiment consisted of four periods of 21 days each. In the different period...
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PMID: 21452612
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
These results suggest that, under the conditions of the present study, the supplementation of fattening bull diets with REE cannot be recommended....
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PMID: 21452614
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Nutrition plays a critical role in maternal and fetal health; however, research on error in the measurement of energy intake during pregnancy is limited. The authors analyzed data on 998 women living in central North Carolina with singleton pregnancies during 2001-2005. Second-trimester diet was asse...
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PMID: 21273398
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have developed a research approach based on the concept of the psychobiological system (multi-level measurement and analysis) and an experimental platform that respects the operations of an adaptive regulating biological system. It is important that both sides of the energy balance equation (acti...
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PMID: 21226975
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo (139)5-6 2011
Abstract
We found a significant positive correlation between forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1%) and BMI (r = 0.326, p = 0.003), FEV1% and FFMI (r = 0.321, p = 0.004).
The highest prevalence of obesity was in patients with mild COPD. Obese patients with COPD had the lowest le...
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PMID: 21858970
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Recent results in cancer research. Fortschritte der Krebsforschung. Progres dans les recherches sur le cancer (186) 2011
Abstract
We discuss common toxicities arising from genitourinary cancer treatments, in particular the adverse effects from androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer given its well established detrimental effects on physical, physiological, and psychological function, and existing physical activi...
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PMID: 21113766
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The loss of lean muscle mass and muscle strength is a common problem in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients. Endurance training is efficient in improving patient exercise capacity. This study sought to evaluate the additional effects of strength training on muscle strength and body composition in c...
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PMID: 20562711
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Current guidance regarding the role of daily breakfast in human health is largely grounded in cross-sectional observations. However, the causal nature of these relationships has not been fully explored and what limited information is emerging from controlled lab...
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PMID: 21740575
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
It is evident from previous research that the role of dietary composition in relation to the development of childhood obesity remains inconclusive. Several studies investigating the relationship between body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and/or skin fold measurements with energy intake h...
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PMID: 21615883
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
To examine the effects of a community-based resistance training program (Lift for Life®) on waist circumference and functional measures in adults with or at risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
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PMID: 21612648
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
British Journal of Nutrition (105)1 2011
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to compare whole pea flour (WPF) to fractionated pea flour (FPF; hulls only) for their ability to reduce risk factors associated with CVD and diabetes in overweight hypercholesterolaemic individuals. Using a cross-over design, twenty-three hypercholesterolaemic...
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PMID: 20807459
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
British Journal of Nutrition (105)1 2011
Abstract
Optimum levels and types of dietary fibre that provide the greatest beneficial effects on metabolic syndrome risk factors in overweight and obese individuals have yet to be determined in clinical trials. The present parallel design study compared the effects of fibre intake from a healthy diet v. a...
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PMID: 20727237
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We aimed to test the hypothesis that myocellular PDE are increased in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and correlate inversely with mitochondrial ATP turnover.
A Cross-sectional study in the Clinical Research Facility of an University hospital was performed. 10 nonobese middle-age...
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PMID: 21779337
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
These results demonstrate that an EFAD diet given during the last 10 days of gestation results in long-term gender-specific effects on body weight and insulin sensitivity in the adult offspring....
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PMID: 21584494
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Preterm infants are at risk of developing insulin resistance. It is not known whether insulin resistance in adult life is different between those with a low weight at term (preterm growth restraint, PGR) and those with a normal weight at term.
Insulin sensitivity, mea...
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PMID: 21135541
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) or extramycellular lipid (EMCL) would be associated with insulin sensitivity among healthy young women, and that the associations would differ with ethnic background. We also explored the hypothesis that adipokines and estradiol would be as...
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PMID: 20559297
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We demonstrate that aging in mice results in a loss of fat mass and the accumulation of oxidative stress in adipose tissue. In vitro, increased oxidative stress through glutathione depletion inhibits preadipocyte differentiation. This inhibition of adipogenesis is at least in part the result of redu...
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PMID: 21533223
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We investigated the role of common β2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) rs1042714 (Gln27Glu) and rs1042713 (Arg16Gly) polymorphisms on body weight and body composition response to 12-week energy-restricted diet in women. The study comprised 78 Spanish obese (BMI: 34.0 ± 2.8 kg/m²) women (age: 36.7 ± 7...
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PMID: 20523301
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We tested, in a pilot study, whether rosiglitazone (ROSI) restores normal glucose tolerance (NGT) in obese adolescents with IGT by improving insulin sensitivity and β-cell function. In a small randomized, double-blind, placebo (PLA)-controlled study, lasting 4 months, 21 obese adolescents with IGT...
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PMID: 20467418
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patient's body composition changes by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and to analyze factors associated with lipodystrophy (LD). Total-body composition was measured by DXA in HIV-infected men and...
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PMID: 21130671
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Ethnicity & Disease (21)1 2011
Abstract
We hypothesized that ethnic disparities are initiated at the pre-IGT stage during evolution of type 2 diabetes. The Pathobiology of Prediabetes in a Biracial Cohort (POP-ABC) is designed to test that hypothesis by tracking the natural history of early dysglycemia in a biracial cohort comprising offs...
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PMID: 21462727
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abdominal obesity conveys substantial health risks, in association with high levels of visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and an increased proportion of VAT to SAT. The purposes were to determine the influence of spinal cord injury (SCI) on the associations between singl...
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PMID: 21528633
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Body dimensions and body composition of children participating in artistic activities, such as gymnastics and many types of dancing, are important factors in performance improvement. The present study aimed to determine the reliability of a series of selected anthropometric measurements in young mal...
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PMID: 21170478
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Clinical Medicine (10)6 2010
Abstract
British Journal of Nutrition (104)12 2010
Abstract
The effect of consuming different amounts of whey protein on appetite and energy intake was investigated in two separate studies using randomised, crossover designs. Healthy-weight men and women (range: BMI 19·0-25·0 kg/m², age 19·4-40·4 years) consumed one of four 400 ml liquid preloads, follo...
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PMID: 20875183
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
British Journal of Nutrition (104)11 2010
Abstract
Our CT method was based on acquisition of a single slice at a fixed anatomical landmark, calculation of individual X-ray density ranges for CT values and delineation of the three main adipose compartments (subcutaneous adipose tissue, SAT; retroperitoneal adipose tissue, RAT; and visceral adipose ti...
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PMID: 20615269
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
British Journal of Nutrition (104)12 2010
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to measure basal energy expenditure (BEE) using the Cosmed K₄b² portable metabolic system (Rome, Italy) and to develop a new predictive equation for BEE in southern Chinese adults. A total of 165 healthy Chinese adults aged 18-45 years with normal body weight...
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PMID: 20804631
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
British Journal of Nutrition (104)11 2010
Abstract
These results suggest that maternal glucose control has long-term consequences to bone health of adult offspring. Skeletal growth appears more sensitive to maternal hyperglycaemia than glucose tolerance....
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PMID: 20615268
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
High respiratory quotient (RQ) has been associated with fat mass (FM) gain in some, but not all studies. Variability among results may reflect differences in the RQ variable measured (fasting vs. 24-h) or may be due to differences in control for factors that affect RQ, such as diet,...
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PMID: 20448540
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We examined the relationships between BMI at first clinical visit and changes in BMI up to a two-year follow-up, and multiple clinical variables related to ALS: age of onset, rate of progression of motor symptoms, and survival. Baseline BMI was classified according to the World Health Organization (...
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PMID: 20500116
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We used data from the third follow-up of the InCHIANTI study, which included measurements of BMD using quantitative CT of the tibia and of body composition using bioimpedenziometry. Serum adiponectin was measured using radioimmunoassay. We excluded participants with diabetes, hyperthyroidism, using...
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PMID: 20804877
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
To determine the efficacy of oxymetholone, an androgenic steroid, in combination with rHuEPO on hematologic and muscle mass in CAPD patients.
A double-blinded, placebo-controlled experimental study was conducted for 6 months and 24 CAPD patients were divided into two groups. The treatment group (n =...
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PMID: 21084036
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
In patients with SSc, malnutrition is common and not identified by BMI. BIA parameters reflect disease severity and provide best predictors for patient survival. Therefore, an assessment of nutritional status should be performed in patients with SSc....
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PMID: 20511612
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
To examine effects of maternal nutrition and Se intake on adiposity and insulin sensitivity in female offspring, treatments were imposed during gestation on 82 pregnant primiparous Rambouillet ewe lambs (52.2 ± 0.8 kg) allotted randomly to 1 of 6 treatments in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. Factor...
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PMID: 20920781
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Public Health Nutrition (13)11 2010
Abstract
To examine neighbourhood food environments, adolescent nutrition and weight status.
Cross-sectional, observational study.
Minneapolis/St. Paul metropolitan region, Minnesota, USA.
A total of 349 adolescents were recruited to the study. Participants completed 24 h dietary recalls and had their weight...
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PMID: 20529405
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Mangalarga-Marchador is a popular 4-gaited Brazilian horse breed; however, there is little information about their metabolic and physiological response to exercise.
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PMID: 21058990
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
British Journal of Nutrition (104)10 2010
Abstract
We constructed one standard, reference, RXc-score graph and RXc-tolerance ellipses (50, 75 and 95%) that can be used with any analyser. Mean PA was 3.14 (SD 0.43)° (3.12 (SD 0.39)° for males and 3.17 (SD 0.48)° for females). Considering the overlapping of ellipses of males and females with the ge...
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PMID: 20594393
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.