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Skeleton (2):
Recent article
Skeleton
The Lancet (377)9777 2011
Abstract
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Abstract
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) is a nuclear receptor that functions as a master transcriptional regulator of adipocyte conversion. During PPARgamma transactivation, multiple signaling pathways interact with one another, leading to the differentiation of...
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PMID: 20407009
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Journal of Biomechanics (43)7 2010
Abstract
Understanding the postural effects on organs and skeleton could be crucial for several applications. This paper reports on a methodology to quantify the three-dimensional effects of postures on deformable anatomical structures. A positional MRI scanner was used to image the full trunk in four postur...
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PMID: 20226466
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We report on two partial skeletons with an age of 1.95 to 1.78 million years. The fossils were encased in cave deposits at the Malapa site in South Africa. The skeletons were found close together and are directly associated with craniodental remains. Together they represent a new species of Australo...
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PMID: 20378811
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Naturwissenschaften (97)4 2010
Abstract
We used peripheral quantitative computed tomography to measure cortical bone mineral density. The conservation of skeletal three-dimensional microstructural elements was assessed by high-resolution microcomputed tomography analysis. These techniques revealed severe differences in bone mineral densit...
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PMID: 20182683
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Lakartidningen (107)5 2010
Abstract
Orvostorteneti kozlemenyek (56)1-4 2010
Abstract
The anatomy of the human body based on a special teleological system is one of the greatest miracles of the world. The skull's primary function is the defence of the brain, so every alteration or disease of the brain results in some alteration of the skull. This analogy is to be iden...
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PMID: 21661257
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
American Anthropologist (112)4 2010
Abstract
Comprehending violence among bioarchaeological and historical groups is a topic of recent interest among biological anthropologists. This research examines trauma among African American and Euro-American males of low socioeconomic status born between 1825 and 1877. A total of 651 male skeletons from...
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PMID: 21132946
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We shared with chimpanzees has therefore remained unclear. Ardipithecus ramidus, recovered in ecologically and temporally resolved contexts in Ethiopia's Afar Rift, now illuminates earlier hominid paleobiology and aspects of extant African ape evolution. More than 110 specimens recovered from 4.4-mi...
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PMID: 19810190
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We shared with them. Evidence for this structure must therefore be sought from the fossil record. Until now, that record has provided few relevant data because available fossils were too recent or too incomplete. Evidence from Ardipithecus ramidus now suggests that the last common ancestor lacked th...
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PMID: 19810199
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We present a completely automatic algorithm for initializing and tracking the articulated motion of humans using image sequences obtained from multiple cameras. A detailed articulated human body model composed of sixteen rigid segments that allows both translation and rotation at joints is used. Vox...
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PMID: 19423441
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Overall, 355 specimens displayed SBO, for an overall prevalence of 12.4%. Of the SBO specimens, 68.7% were white, 88.2% were men, 53% were grade I, 37% II, and 10% III. All 3 grades of SBO were more common in men than women (88.2% vs. 11.8%) and more prevalent in whites than blacks (68.7% vs. 31.3%)...
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PMID: 19564762
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Science in Context (22)2 2009
Abstract
We argue that only those scholars who find the right balance between the extremes of reach and control will prove to be successful....
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PMID: 19827370
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Developmental Dynamics (238)4 2009
Abstract
We discuss a range of RCAS-based strategies that have been employed to examine gene function during early patterning of the limb bud, later skeletal differentiation, and craniofacial morphogenesis. The potential for the RCAS system as a tool for loss-of-function studies is also discussed.
Copyright...
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PMID: 19253393
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The normal radiographic anatomy of the healthy hedgehog can help to identify anatomic features unique to the hedgehog while comparing it with other small mammals, such as the dog and cat. Radiographic examination is a method that can play an important role in the diagnosis of a wide variety of skele...
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PMID: 19368234
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We could securely assign 14 mtDNAs to relevant haplogroups. Haplogroups D1a, M7a, and N9b were observed in these individuals, and N9b was by far the most predominant. The fact that haplogroups N9b and M7a were observed in Hokkaido Jomons bore out the hypothesis that these haplogroups are the (pre-)...
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PMID: 18951391
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We test the hypothesis that as a consequence of Spanish colonization, the indigenous Mochica population of Mórrope on the north coast of Peru experienced elevated systemic biological stress. Using multivariate statistical methods, we examine childhood stress reflected in the prevalence of linear en...
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PMID: 18951404
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The tenrecs of Central Africa and Madagascar provide an excellent model for exploring adaptive radiation and functional aspects of mammalian hindlimb form. The pelvic girdle, femur, and crus of 13 tenrecoid species, and four species from the families Solenodontidae, Macroscelididae, and Erinaceidae,...
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PMID: 19107938
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We suggest that this results from distinct child labor practices, which impact differentially on the growth of Leiria and Lisbon adolescents. Work for medieval children and adolescents were related to family activities, and care and attention were provided by family members. Conversely, in early 20t...
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PMID: 18785651
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that BMP-2 significantly induced latexin expression in Runx2-deficient mesenchymal cells (RD-C6 cells), during chondrocyte and osteoblast differentiation. In this study, we investigated latexin expression in the skeleton and its role in chondrocyte differentiation. Immunoh...
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PMID: 19059214
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
During the 1947 fieldwork season, Member 4 (2-3 My) of the South African Sterkfontein site yielded two important Australopithecus africanus fossils: a cranium popularly nicknamed "Mrs. Ples" (Sts 5), and a partial skeleton (Sts 14). Previous reports have proposed that Sts 5 was a nonfully grown adol...
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PMID: 18951512
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We argue that the possibility of some QTL regions containing multiple mutations, which was not considered by the authors, introduces a bias that can explain the discrepancy between one of the previously suggested models and the new data....
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PMID: 19052568
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We describe a new 220-million-year-old turtle from China, somewhat older than Proganochelys, that documents an intermediate step in the evolution of the shell and associated structures. A ventral plastron is fully developed, but the dorsal carapace consists of neural plates only. The dorsal ribs are...
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PMID: 19037315
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Chemical Reviews (108)11 2008
Abstract
Chemical Reviews (108)11 2008
Abstract
Chemical Reviews (108)11 2008
Abstract
Abstract
Zoological Science (25)10 2008
Abstract
We organized. The meeting was held at the CDB RIKEN Kobe Institute on 24 and 25 January 2008 with support from the CDB. Jawless vertebrates have been of interest to embryologists and comparative morphologists for more than a century. While the comparative morphology among lampreys, hagfishes, and gn...
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PMID: 19267629
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Zoological Science (25)10 2008
Abstract
Abstract
The extent to which archaeological or cemetery skeletal collections accurately represent the population from which they were drawn cannot be known. The creation of documented or forensic skeletal collections, derived from donation or autopsy, was intended to overcome many of the problems inherent in...
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PMID: 18484627
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
From birth to adulthood, the human brain expands by a factor of 3.3, compared with 2.5 in chimpanzees [DeSilva J and Lesnik J (2006) Chimpanzee neonatal brain size: Implications for brain growth in Homo erectus. J Hum Evol 51: 207-212]. How the required extra amount of human brain growth is achieved...
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PMID: 18779579
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
I skeleton, the earliest known anatomically modern human. In the course of this fieldwork, several additional fragments of the skeleton were recovered: a middle manual phalanx, a distal manual phalanx, a right talus, a large and a small fragment of the left os coxae, a portion of the distal diaphysi...
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PMID: 18691733
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Matrix Biology (27)6 2008
Abstract
We cloned zebrafish sparc and investigated its role during development, using a mo rpholino antisense oligonucleotide-based knockdown approach. Consistent with its strong expression in the otic vesicle and developing pharyngeal cartilages, knockdown of Sparc function resulted in specific inner ear a...
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PMID: 18430553
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Intraspecific variation in M1 enamel development in modern humans: implications for human evolution.
Abstract
The timing and sequence of enamel development, as well as enamel thickness, was documented for individual cusps (protoconid, hypoconid, metaconid, entoconid) in 15 unworn permanent lower first molars (M(1)s) from a sample of modern human juveniles. These data were compared with previously published...
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PMID: 18439653
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Reconstruction of early Pleistocene hominin carcass acquisition and processing behaviors are necessarily based at least in part on butchered fossil bones. This paper provides zooarchaeological and taphonomic analyses and behavioral interpretations of three approximately 1.5 million-year-old archaeof...
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PMID: 18514259
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We also compare Egyptian body proportions to those of modern American Blacks and Whites. Living stature estimates were derived using a revised Fully anatomical method (Raxter et al.: Am J Phys Anthropol 130 (2006) 374-384). Long bone stature regression equations were then derived for each sex. Our r...
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PMID: 18257013
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Human Biology (80)3 2008
Abstract
We extracted DNA from the skeletal remains of 35 museum samples (some dating back to the Paleolithic Age) excavated from 11 local burial sites scattered throughout southern Korea. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences (HV1, HV2, and HV3) were successfully determined for 11 samples with...
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PMID: 19130795
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Our findings with knee height and arm span are consistent with previous reports and suggest early life environment may play an important role in the determination of future dementia risk....
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PMID: 18458216
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Developmental Dynamics (237)5 2008
Abstract
We use mouse models to investigate the interplay between E2F6 and Bmi1. This analysis shows that E2f6 and Bmi1 cooperate in the regulation of Hox genes, and consequently axial skeleton development, but not in the repression of the Ink4a-Arf locus. These findings underscore the significance of the E2...
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PMID: 18366140
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Genes & Development (291)5 2008
Abstract
We present platform-independent parameters for the use of microscopic x-ray computed tomography (microCT) for phenotyping species-specific skeletal morphology of a variety of different genetic model organisms. We show that microCT is suitable for phenotypic characterization for prenatal and postnata...
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PMID: 18286615
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neural Networks (21)4 2008
Abstract
We are developing such a general quadrupedal locomotion controller by using a neural model involving a CPG (Central Pattern Generator) utilizing ground reaction force sensory feedback. We used a biologically faithful musculoskeletal model with a spine and hind legs, and computationally simulated sta...
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PMID: 18490136
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We present the gene regulatory network (GRN) that directs the specification of the skeletogenic micromere lineage of the sea urchin embryo. The GRN now includes all regulatory genes expressed in this lineage up to late blastula stage, as identified in a genomewide survey. The architecture of the GRN...
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PMID: 18413610
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We determine the components of the regulatory state upstream of these differentiation genes that are shared between embryonic and adult skeletogenesis. An abrupt "break point" in the micromere GRN is thus revealed, on one side of which most of the regulatory genes are used in both, and on the other...
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PMID: 18413604
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Morphology (269)4 2008
Abstract
I analyzed patterns of chondrogenesis, ossification, and bone histology of the pectoral girdles of two anuran species (Xenopus laevis and Bombina orientalis) and two urodele species (Ambystoma mexicanum and Desmognathus aeneus) to provide new insight into the evolution of the tetrapod pectoral girdl...
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PMID: 17999401
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We show, by studying pleiotropy in mice with the use of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting skeletal characters, that most QTLs affect a relatively small subset of traits and that a substitution at a QTL has an effect on each trait that increases with the total number of traits affected. This s...
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PMID: 18368117
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
At Elsau near Winterthur (CH), a 9th century AD grave with a female skeleton was found in 2003. This grave was reopened one to six years after burial. After manipulating the partially decayed skeleton, the grave was filled with a layer of rocks and a claw of a sea eagle as well as the paw of a fox w...
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PMID: 18435204
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We test the assumption that the mid-14th-century Black Death killed indiscriminately. Skeletons from the East Smithfield Black Death cemetery in London are compared with normal, nonepidemic cemetery samples from two medieval Danish towns (Viborg and Odense). The results suggest that the Black Death...
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PMID: 18227518
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We examined whether indices of baseline bone morphology and cellular activity are associated with the gender- and site-specific susceptibility of bone to unloading. Adult mice (4 months old, BALB/cByJ x C3H/HeJ) were assigned to one of six groups: male and female baseline controls (n=20 each), age-m...
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PMID: 17997144
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American) (90 Suppl 1)supplement 1 2008
Abstract
We compared these mice to mice in which Bmp2 was specifically deleted from the limb, and we then assessed limb skeletogenesis and fracture-healing. Limb skeletogenesis occurs normally in the absence of BMP4, and postnatal skeletal growth was also unaffected when BMP4 was removed. When mice lacking B...
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PMID: 18292351
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Veterinary Record (162)2 2008
Abstract
Abstract
Ossification during embryogenesis of female and male mouse fetuses between 14.5 and 18.5 days post coitum (d.p.c.) was investigated with two methods. The Alizarin-red based method allows differential staining of cartilage and bone tissue on whole animal, however standard histochemical methods allow...
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PMID: 18683545
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
When economists investigate long-term trends and socioeconomic differences in the standard of living or quality of life, they have traditionally focused on monetary measures such as gross domestic product--which has occupied center stage for over 50 years. In recent decades, however, scholars have i...
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PMID: 19771661
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Since several years our group is working on a project to merge into a full 3D reliable and detailed human skeleton representation various segmental biomechanical models presented in literature. The obtained 3D skeleton model is fully parametric and can be fitted to each subject anthropometric charac...
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PMID: 18810004
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We attempt to evaluate rib and spinal pathomechanisms in thoracic and thnoracolumbar AIS using spinal radiographs and real-time ultrasound. On the radiographs by costo-vertebral angle asymmetries (rib-vertebral angle differences RVADs, and rib-spinal angle differences RSADs), apical vertebral rotati...
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PMID: 18810034
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Zoology (Jena) (111)3 2008
Abstract
I describe the embryonic ossification of the skeleton in the domestic turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), and compare it to the domestic chicken (Gallus gallus) and the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix). Ossification sequences in this group are not affected by egg size or incubation period. They also app...
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PMID: 18375106
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Zoology (Jena) (111)2 2008
Abstract
External and internal head structures of larval representatives of Raphidiidae are described. The obtained data were compared to characters of other neuropterid larvae and to larval characters of representatives of other endopterygote lineages. Characters potentially relevant for phylogenetic recons...
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PMID: 18054215
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.