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Isocyanates (2):
Recent article
Isocyanates
Abstract
A strategy involving palladium-catalyzed cyclization of halo-phenyl hydrazones and aryl isocyanates provides a convenient approach to the synthesis of 1,3,4-benzotriazepines (4) or 1-arylamide-1H-indazoles (5) in good isolated yields. Microwave irradiation was found to afford high reaction efficienc...
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PMID: 20835450
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
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Abstract
Industrial Health (48)2 2010
Abstract
We aimed to decipher any persistent and subtle immunotoxic effects of MIC in the survivors of the tragedy. The study was divided into 3 groups i.e. group I (n=40); Age and gender matched non-exposed healthy controls recruited from places within the geographical region of Bhopal but from unaffected z...
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PMID: 20424351
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Current Medicinal Chemistry (17)11 2010
Abstract
We outline reactions and molecules which meet the requirements of click chemistry reactions and are suitable for radiosyntheses of short lived SPECT ((99m)Tc: t(1/2) = 6 h, (111)In: t(1/2) = 2.81 d) and PET ((11)C: t(1/2) = 20.3 min to (64)Cu: t(1/2) = 12.7 h) radiotracers for in vivo imaging of bio...
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PMID: 20156157
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We diagnosed this patient's illness as hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to isocyanate exposure....
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PMID: 19994595
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Iron trichloride promotes the cationic cyclization of o-(arylethynyl)aryl isocyanates leading to 3-(arylchloromethylene)oxindoles which can be stereoselectively converted to (Z)-3-(aminomethylene)oxindoles under straightforward conditions. When the alkyne is substituted by an alkyl group, activation...
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PMID: 19739609
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We studied the cellular uptake of isocyanide functionalized silver and gold nanoparticles by surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Inside a single mammalian cell, we could monitor the intracellular behavior of such nanoparticles by measuring the SERS spectra. The NC stretching band appeared clea...
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PMID: 19809246
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
We reported 3 cases of hypersensitivity pneumonitis who had been exposed to polyurethane material containing diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) for 1-12 weeks. They had cough, fever and dyspnea before admission. All 3 cases were diagnosed immunologically using anti-MDI antibodies. Chest HRCT finding...
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PMID: 19827591
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Brain Research (1284) 2009
Abstract
We found that while BDNF treatment primarily increased the fraction of capsaicin-sensitive (TRPV1-expressing) neurons, GDNF exposure led to an increase in the allyl isothiocyanate (AITC)-responding (TRPA1-expressing) population. Moreover, BDNF treatment increased the amplitude of the response to bot...
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PMID: 19524560
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A chiral selector was prepared through the reaction between (1S,2R)-(+)-2-amino-1,2-diphenylethanol and phenyl isocyanate. This selector was immobilized on aminated silica gel, respectively, with bifunctional group linkers of 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate, methylene-di-p-phenyl diisocyanate, and tereph...
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PMID: 18655165
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Hazardous Materials (162)2-3 2009
Abstract
We have calculated the heats of formation (HOFs) of the title compounds by using density functional theory (DFT) with 6-31G** basis set. We chose [3]prismane C(6)H(6)-D(3h) as a reference compound in the process of designing isodesmic reactions. The relationship between the HOFs and the molecular st...
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PMID: 18653283
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This article summarizes a large body of industry air sampling data (8134 samples) in which airborne MDI concentrations were measured in a wide variety of manufacturing processes that use either polymeric MDI (PMDI) or monomeric (pure) MDI. Data were collected during the period 1984 t...
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PMID: 19191163
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The carbodiimides 4, obtained from aza-Wittig reactions of iminophosphorane 3 with aromatic isocyanates, reacted with amines in the presence of a catalytic amount of RO(-)Na(+) to give the 1,2,9-trisubstituted 1,9-dihydro-6H-purin-6-ones 6 in good yields. Compound 6 exhibited cytotoxicity against va...
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PMID: 19117758
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Airway exposure to TDI produces an antibody response not only against TDI but also against MIC-protein conjugates. This indicates that immune reactivity against abundant monoisocyanates in occupational environments can occur in individuals pre-sensitized with low abundance but highly sensitizing dii...
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PMID: 19494520
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We examined the molecular mechanisms underlying isocyanate-mediated inflammatory responses and their probable role in the onset of genomic instability in cultured IMR-90 human lung fibroblasts. The isocyanates induced inflammation, resulting in extensive DNA damage, evidenced by increases in ATM, AT...
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PMID: 19283680
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to synthesize and characterize a stabilized polymeric gene delivery carrier, a poly(ethylene glycol)-co-poly(ethylenimine) (PEG-PEI) co-polymer, using isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) as the coupling reagent. IPDI containing two different active isocyanate functional g...
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PMID: 19520009
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A focused library of formamidines having several diversity points has been prepared. The use of isocyanate resin as scavenger may offer several practical advantages over conventional procedures, such as the ease of workup and availability. The technique described herein was performed in a parallel s...
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PMID: 19053503
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
I clinical trials in patients with solid tumors indicated that laromustine was associated with myelosuppression; few extramedullary toxicities were observed, indicating potential efficacy for the treatment of hematological malignancies. Phase II trials have been completed in patients with previously...
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PMID: 19127504
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Up to four adjacent stereocenters can be formed stereoselectively in the construction of a pyrrolizidine unit through a novel organocatalytic reaction that involves treatment of various dienones with ethyl isocyanoacetate (see scheme; DBU = 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene). Mechanisms for this at...
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PMID: 19145615
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The Bhopal gas tragedy is undoubtedly one of the worst industrial disasters in the history of mankind resulting in mortality of 2500-6000 and debilitating over 200 000 people. Inhabitants in the township were exposed to different degrees and there are more than 500 000 registered vic...
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PMID: 19819837
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
British Journal of Cancer (99)11 2008
Abstract
The present report identifies indole-3-ethyl isothiocyanate NB7M as a potent cytotoxic agent with selective activity against cell lines derived from various tumour types. Ovarian cancer cell lines showed sensitivity to NB7M (60-70% cytotoxicity at 2.5 microM), in contrast to control cells (TCL-1 and...
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PMID: 19002174
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Occupational Medicine (58)8 2008
Abstract
Health surveillance is only one part of a process for identifying OA. In this programme, the high drop out rate of employees in the medical investigation process initiated by surveillance was a significant problem. Recommendations are suggested for the future operation of respiratory health surveill...
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PMID: 18836126
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Tandem addition-cyclization reactions of 2-alkynylbenzenamines with isocyanates catalyzed by palladium chloride are described. This reaction is performed in the presence of 10 mol% of palladium chloride in THF at 80 degrees C, which provides an efficient and practical route for the synthesis of 1,2-...
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PMID: 19005601
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We show how a variety of beta-lactams bearing protected polar substituents can be generated from CSI-derived building blocks....
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PMID: 18956871
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The heteroleptic calcium amides [{ArNC(Me)CHC(Me)NAr}Ca(NR(2))(THF)] (Ar=2,6-di-iso-propylphenyl, R=SiMe(3), Ph) and the homoleptic heavier alkaline earth amides, [M{N(SiMe(3))(2)}(2)] (M=Ca, Sr and Ba) are reported as pre-catalysts for the hydroamination of isocyanates.
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PMID: 18956070
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
An adapted method for the quantitative determination of isocyanates in air was implemented and validated in-house. The method was based on air sampling using an impinger flask containing di-n-butylamine (DBA) in toluene and a glass fibre filter in series. The DBA derivatives were determined using li...
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PMID: 18812390
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This paper reports a novel synthetic method for the preparation of various urethanes and the application to the synthesis of carisbamate. The reaction of primary (2a, 2e and 2f) or secondary (2g-2i) trimethylsilyl ethers with chlorosulfonyl isocyanate afforded the corresponding urethanes in good yie...
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PMID: 19023534
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Pharmaceutical Research (25)10 2008
Abstract
Biodegradable polyurethanes synthesized from triisocyanates exhibited tunable and superior mechanical properties compared to materials synthesized from lysine diisocyanates. Due to their injectability, biocompatibility, tunable degradation, and potential for release of growth factors, these material...
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PMID: 18516665
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Twenty-three protein spots were identified that distinguished the subjects with MDI-OA from those in the AEC group. Among them, ferritin expression was downregulated whereas transferrin expression was upregulated in subjects with MDI-OA compared with AEC; these results were validated by ELISA using...
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PMID: 19014769
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Because many occupational epidemiologic studies use exposure surrogates rather than quantitative exposure metrics, the UMass Lowell and Yale study of autobody shop workers provided an opportunity to evaluate the relative utility of surrogates and quantitative exposure metrics in an exposure response...
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PMID: 18615291
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Trauma (65)3 2008
Abstract
Abstract
We performed immunohistochemical analyses, measured inflammatory mediators and cytokines, and quantified histamine release (HR) from peripheral basophils in MDI-OA patients. Thirteen MDI-exposed workers (five MDI-OA, two MDI-induced esoinophilic bronchitis, and six asymptomatic exposed controls, AEC...
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PMID: 18484168
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Toxicological Sciences (104)2 2008
Abstract
The known human asthmagen polymeric diphenylmethane-diisocyanate (MDI) was investigated in the Brown Norway rat skin asthma model. Two types of dose-response relationships are addressed with the following focus: (1) does sensitization dose and surface area influence the subsequent elicitation respon...
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PMID: 18495671
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have detected a direct cause-effect relationship between the accidental spillage of MDI and the appearance of an acute asthma-like syndrome among previously unexposed school children....
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PMID: 18787742
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Isocyanates in the workplace atmosphere are typically present both in gas and particle phase. The health effects of exposure to isocyanates in gas phase and different particle size fractions are likely to be different due to their ability to reach different parts in the respiratory system. To reveal...
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PMID: 18458354
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A new type of isocyanate sampler has been used to investigate aging aerosols generated during thermal degradation of polyurethane (PUR). The sampler consists of a denuder connected in series with a three-stage cascade impactor and a filter. The denuder collects gas-phase isocyanates. The three impac...
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PMID: 18448445
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
These results show that PIP2 inhibits TRPA1 and reduces the sensitivity of TRPA1 to AITC....
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PMID: 18495815
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
Electron impact mass spectra of four long-chain isocyanates, lauryl isocyanate, tetradecyl isocyanate, hexadecyl isocyanate and octadecyl isocyanate, were obtained with a GCT high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The four isocyanates studied gave a common base peak of m/z 99, which sugge...
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PMID: 18523980
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
The Lancet (371)9628 2008
Abstract
Abstract
Our data confirm that spray painting is an occupation with increased risk of respiratory impairment and asthma....
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PMID: 18573749
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This paper highlights the features of prevention of isocyanate-induced occupational asthma from various angles: the employer, the employee, as well as the occupational physician entrusted with the care of such occupationally-exposed group of workers. The difficulties posed by the variability of the...
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PMID: 18465044
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
I (4,5-dihydropyrazole-1,5-dicarboxylic acid-1-[(4-chlorophenyl)-amide] 5-[(2-oxo-2 H-[1,3']bipyridinyl-6'-yl)-amide] was found to undergo metabolic activation in rat liver microsomes in the presence of NADPH. A reactive intermediate, postulated to be p-chlorophenyl isocyanate (CPIC), was trapped by...
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PMID: 18393453
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Gynecologic Oncology (109)2 2008
Abstract
7Me-IEITC selectively reduced the viability of SKOV-3, OVCAR-3, BXPC-3 and PC-3 cells (IC(50) values < or = 5 microM), while the viability of fibroblasts or trophoblasts remained un-affected at concentrations below 20 microM. 7Me-IEITC treatment down-regulated pro-survival kinases and transcription...
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PMID: 18329084
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Contact Dermatitis (58)5 2008
Abstract
Contact dermatitis to isocyanates is a problem and is usually described within industrial settings. A patient who developed an acute allergic contact dermatitis using a dicyclohexylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate (DMDI)-charged cartridge to create resin-coated '3D labels' within an office environment is d...
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PMID: 18416767
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Molecular dynamics of polyacrylamide gels, polymeric micelles and hydrogel of polyacrylic acid and macrodiisocyanate was investigated by the ESR spectroscopy of spin probes. The local mobility in network junction of polyacrylamide gels is found to be essentially slower than that in the micelles crea...
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PMID: 17988940
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have developed a novel smart polymer designed to sequentially disassemble into its building blocks upon initiation by a triggering event at the polymer head. The polymer structure is based on a polyurethane backbone that disassembles through a domino-like, 1,6-elimination and decarboxylation reac...
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PMID: 18376834
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Our calculations also show that although the results obtained on the model system could explain the mechanism in principle, the real substituted system could reflect the mechanism more exactly and make the reaction proceed with regioselectivity.
(c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc....
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PMID: 17849391
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We synthesized several highly potent VEGFR-2/PDGFR dual inhibitors as potential PET biomarkers. The structure of these inhibitors is based on the N-phenyl-N'-{4-(4-quinolyloxy)phenyl}urea skeleton. A representative inhibitor was successfully labeled with fluorine-18 by a three-step process. Initiall...
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PMID: 18343125
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of 2,4,6-tribromophenyl isocyanate (TBPI) on the cellular and nuclear uptake of the fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeled SV 40 T antigen nuclear localization sequence in human LN18 and U373 glioma cells. Therefore, the FITC-labele...
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PMID: 18262518
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Exposure to isocyanates is known to have respiratory effects in workers and therefore it is essential to monitor the occupational exposure. An earlier study of a continuous foaming plant using toluene diisocyanate (TDI) showed that the exposure to isocyanates can be high. Since then several preventi...
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PMID: 18344533
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biomaterials (29)12 2008
Abstract
Bone defects, such as compressive fractures in the vertebral bodies, are frequently treated with acrylic bone cements (e.g., PMMA). Although these biomaterials have sufficient mechanical properties for fixing the fracture, they are non-degradable and do not remodel or integrate with host tissue. In...
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PMID: 18255140
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Thirteen (22.4%) of the subjects complained of WRRS. MDI-induced occupational asthma was confirmed in five (8.6%) of the workers, and occupational eosinophilic bronchitis was confirmed in two (3.5%). The prevalence of specific IgG antibodies (20.7%) was higher than that of specific IgE antibodies (8...
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PMID: 18352975
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Bioresource Technology (99)6 2008
Abstract
The objective of this study was to manufacture fire-retardant-treated low-formaldehyde-emission particleboard from recycled wood-waste particles using polymeric 4,4'-methylenediphenyl isocyanate (PMDI) and phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins. The influence of the PMDI/PF ratio (ratio of particles spraye...
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PMID: 17507217
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Chromatography A (1185)2 2008
Abstract
This paper presents a novel application of active single-drop microextraction (SDME) for the determination of mixtures of four gaseous diisocyanates: 2,4- and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate (TDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI). The optimised simultaneous extrac...
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PMID: 18291409
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Adhesives provide a needle-free method of wound closure and do not require local anaesthetics. Polymeric adhesives have been used for about 3 decades for joining several tissues of the organism. Also, they can accomplish other tasks, such as haemostasis and the ability to seal air leakages and have...
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PMID: 18065171
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The equilibrium geometries, stability, and isomerisation of pseudohalogen isomers, C(2)N(2)O(2), have been investigated by DFT calculations at the B3LYP level and by ab initio calculations at the CCSD(T) level of theory using the 6-311+G(2d) and cc-pVTZ basis sets, as well as at the CBS-QB3 level. M...
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PMID: 18309397
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.