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Hardness (1):
Recent article
Hardness
Abstract
According to Process Analytical Technology perspective, drug product quality should be ensured by manufacturing process design. Initial step of the process analysis is investigation of critical process parameters (CPPs). It is generally accepted to type the CPPs based on project team knowledge and ex...
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PMID: 21928718
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
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Abstract
The purpose of this research was to develop oro-dispersible tablets of metformin by direct compression method using super disintegrants approach, effervescent approach and sublimation approach. Powder blend was evaluated for angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, compressibility index, Hausne...
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PMID: 21928717
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We found that the pneumatic method reached higher values of impaction hardness, contact stiffness and bulk density suggesting an increase in stability of the implant. No significant differences were found between the two different methods concerning the penetration resistance. The pneumatic method m...
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PMID: 21768627
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Operative Dentistry (36)2 2011
Abstract
SUMMARY This study evaluated the effect of a high-concentration carbamide peroxide-containing home bleaching system (Opalescence PF) and a hydrogen peroxide-containing over-the-counter bleaching system (Treswhite Supreme) on the microhardness of two nanocomposites (Filtek Supreme XT...
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PMID: 21702674
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
To assess whether pastes containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and calcium sodium phosphosilicate (CSP) protect acid softened enamel against further erosive episodes.
Enamel slabs of bovine teeth with preformed erosion-like lesions wer...
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PMID: 21874937
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
To investigate the influence of calcium phosphate enhanced home whitening agents on human enamel and dentin surface microhardness and ultramorphology.
Five intact molars crowns were used for ultrastructural analysis and five for microhardness test. Each resulting coro...
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PMID: 21874930
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The effects of microbial transglutaminase (MTGase, 0.5%, w/w), dietary fiber (konjac flour, Kjc, 1. 0%, w/w) and ultraviolet irradiation, UV (254 nm, 3300 µW/cm(2) and 40 min), on heat-induced gels from gilthead seabream mince (Sparus aurata) were studied. MTGase addition improved texture, force at...
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PMID: 21421672
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The objective of this study was to synthesize and characterize novel hyperbranched poly(acrylic acid)s via atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) technique and tether the photo-curable methacrylate onto the poly(acrylic acid), use these polymers to formulate the resin-modified glass-ionomer ceme...
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PMID: 21377199
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
To evaluate the influence of different tertiary amines on degree of conversion (DC), shrinkage-strain, shrinkage-strain rate, Knoop microhardness, and color and transmittance stabilities of experimental resins containing BisGMA/TEGDMA (3:1wt), 0.25wt% camphorquinone, 1wt% amine (DMAEMA, CEMA, DMPT, D...
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PMID: 21388670
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We present a new formulation of the jamming phase diagram for a class of glass-forming fluids consisting of spheres interacting via finite-ranged repulsions at temperature T, packing fraction ϕ or pressure p, and applied shear stress Σ. We argue that the natural choice of axes for the phase diagra...
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PMID: 21517503
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
To investigate the mechanical properties of injection-molded thermoplastic denture base resins.
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PMID: 20873995
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
I and II with 30 samples each respectively. Each group was subdivided into 3 subgroups with 10 samples each which were treated differently. All the specimens were measured for the linear dimensional change and surface hardness and the obtained data was statistically analyzed. Surface roughness was e...
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PMID: 21528683
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Operative Dentistry (36)1 2011
Abstract
This study investigated the effectiveness of polymerization of various curing regimes on five nanocomposite restorative materials—Z350, Grandio, Clearfil Majesty Esthetic, Ice and Tetric EvoCeram—by utilizing microhardness measurements. Five (n=5) disc-shaped specimens of each material were subje...
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PMID: 21488736
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
To evaluate the degree of conversion (DC) of dual-curing materials used to lute glass-fiber posts in a simulated root canal polymerized by two different modalities.
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PMID: 21469400
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
To investigate the shortest exposure time of different light emitting diode (LED)-curing devices for different resin composites in a clinically relevant laboratory model.
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PMID: 21469405
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of 10% and 16% carbamide peroxide bleaching agents on microhardness of dental ceramics after different periods of bleaching treatment.
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PMID: 21469408
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We report here a process that we term protected annealing, that allows the thermal treatment of preformed precursor particles at temperatures up to 1000 °C while preserving their small size and state of dispersion. In a first step, pristine nanoparticles are prepared by a glycothermal reaction, lea...
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PMID: 21384045
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The objective of the present work was to optimize the formulation of fast disintegrating tablets (FDTs) of ondansetron HCl containing novel superdisintegrants, possessing sufficient mechanical strength and disintegration time comparable to those containing crospovidone or croscarmellose sodium. The F...
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PMID: 21796940
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
To examine the effect of decreased estrogen level and altered diet hardness on condylar cartilage morphology of the rat temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and on the expression of condylar cartilage estrogen receptor alpha (ERa) and matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8).
A to...
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PMID: 21837293
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the damage tolerance of different zirconia-based materials. Bars of one hard machined and one soft machined dental zirconia and an experimental 95% zirconia 5% alumina ceramic were subjected to 100,000 stress cycles (n = 10), indented to provoke cracks on the ten...
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PMID: 21479287
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the relative level of dentin tubule occlusion and dentin mineralization conferred by a 5% w/w calcium sodium phosphosilicate (45S5)/1450 ppm fluoride toothpaste in comparison to a range of commercial toothpastes reported to occlude dentin tubules.
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PMID: 21905401
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Operative Dentistry (36)2 2011
Abstract
CLINICAL RELEVANCE The bioactive glass (Sylc) reacts with saliva depositing hydroxycarbonate apatite (HCA) within the demineralized collagen fibrils and occluding dentinal tubules. Therefore, it may be used as a suitable desensitizing bioactive material for the treatment of DH and as...
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PMID: 21777102
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
To determine the proportion of composite resin materials that is capable of bulk or large incremental cure.
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PMID: 21809604
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hardness and energy absorption properties of four commercially available chairside silicone denture soft lining materials and to compare their properties with those of a heat-polymerized silicone denture liner. The denture lining materials investigated w...
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PMID: 21265439
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The main objective of the present study was to develop an orally disintegrating tablet formulation of domperidone and to study the functionality differences of superdisintegrants each obtained from two different sources on the tablet properties.
Domperidone tablets were formulated with different sup...
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PMID: 21155386
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
Enamel surface microhardness significantly decreased after bleaching with nonenhanced 10% CP (WHI). The chemical analyses suggest F uptake promoted by high-concentrate F bleaching gels (CPF, OPA, and PN) and a F loss with nonenhanced 10% CP bleaching gels (PLA, WHI). CP agent enhanced with Ca (CPCa)...
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PMID: 20657849
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Dental Materials Journal (29)4 2010
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the influence of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) contamination on the microhardness of build-up composites. Fifty-two samples, from each of three build-up materials (LuxaCore Dual, MultiCore flow and Rebilda DC) were prepared. Half of the samples from each material were sto...
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PMID: 20668360
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Dental Materials Journal (29)4 2010
Abstract
Three commercially available tissue conditioners -Tissue conditioner II (STII), Tissue conditioner (GTC), and Tissue Care (TTC)- were tested using a rheometer to evaluate their viscoelasticity under compression at a constant distortion (10%). Immediately after fabrication, STII showed the highest ha...
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PMID: 20668361
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Dental Materials Journal (29)4 2010
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the properties of a die hardener penetrated layer and evaluate its protective effects on the surface of die stone. A commercial die hardener (PDQ die hardener, Whipmix corp., USA) was tested on a die stone (GC Fujirock EP die stone, GC Europe, Belgium) an...
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PMID: 20657152
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Bioresource Technology (101)15 2010
Abstract
Novel "green composites" have been prepared using a conjugated soybean oil-based resin and corn stover as a natural fiber. Corn stover is the residue remaining after grain harvest and it is estimated that approximately 75 million tons are available annually in the United States. The effect of the am...
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PMID: 20227274
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Bioresource Technology (101)15 2010
Abstract
The work described in this paper demonstrated that acetylation of pine wood up to 16.4 weight percent gain has a positive effect on the compression strength. Higher modification levels resulted in a reduction of the compression strength of wood, compared to the untreated wood. A comprehensive invest...
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PMID: 20231093
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This study investigated whether sodium bicarbonate solution, applied on enamel previously exposed to a simulated intrinsic acid, can control dental erosion. Volunteers wore palatal devices containing enamel slabs, which were exposed twice daily extra-orally to hydrochloric acid (0.01 M, pH 2) for 2...
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PMID: 20662912
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of time delay and duration of photo-activation on linear polymerization shrinkage, shrinkage force, and hardening of a dual-cured core build-up resin composite. The test material (Rebilda DC) was light-cured for 20 or 60 s either early (2 min) or late (7 min) af...
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PMID: 20662918
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Because low-fluoride toothpaste (500 p.p.m. F) has not clearly been shown to be effective for controlling caries in caries-active children, this experimental in situ study was conducted to evaluate whether its effect, when compared with a conventional toothpaste (1,000-1,500 p.p.m. F), would depend...
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PMID: 20662910
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A finite element model was developed for numerical simulations of nanoindentation tests on cortical bone. The model allows for anisotropic elastic and post-yield behavior of the tissue. The material model for the post-yield behavior was obtained through a suitable linear transformation of the stress...
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PMID: 20670057
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The fracture of bone due to indentation with a hard, sharp object is of significance in surgical procedures and certain trauma situations. In the study described below, the fracture of bovine bone under indentation was measured experimentally and predicted using the theory of critical distances (TCD...
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PMID: 20670058
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Endodontics (36)8 2010
Abstract
There was no significant difference between EDTA and maleic acid in the reduction of microhardness. The increase in roughness was significantly greater with maleic acid when compared with EDTA. CONCLUSION: Maleic acid reduced the microhardness of root dentin similar to EDTA but increased the surface...
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PMID: 20647102
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Endodontics (36)8 2010
Abstract
This study indicated that storage temperature might influence surface hardness and microstructure of WMTA.
Copyright 2010 American Association of Endodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved....
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PMID: 20647108
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Two types of measurement are presented that relate molecular events to macroscopic behavior of F-actin networks. First, shear modulus is measured by oscillating an embedded microbead. Second, a microbead is translated at constant rate and transitions in the resisting force are observed. The loading...
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PMID: 20866660
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
EBM (Electron Beam Melting) technology can be used successfully to obtain cellular solids in metallic biomaterials that can greatly increase osseointegration in arthroprothesis and at the same time maintain good mechanical properties. The investigated structures, called Trabecular Titanium, usually...
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PMID: 20416551
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
In specimens fractured at 1 mm/min, flexural modulus is increased or maintained and flexural strength and energy to break increase as the amount of polybutadiene in the aggregates increases. Cavitation of high-rubber-containing aggregates is demonstrated. In the one specimen fractured at 0.001 mm/mi...
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PMID: 20583305
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The KHN of dentin walls was significantly different (ANOVA/Tukey); pulpal wall > axial wall > gingival wall. The effect of preparation walls on microTBS was dependent on the bonding system (2-way ANOVA/Tukey's test). SB had higher bond strength than the other systems at the gingival wall; and higher...
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PMID: 20157677
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Optics Express (18)11 2010
Abstract
Annealing of micro-structured lithium niobate substrates at temperatures close to, but below the melting point, allows surface tension to reshape preferentially melted surface zones of the crystal. The reshaped surface re-crystallizes upon cooling to form a single crystal again as it is seeded by th...
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PMID: 20589011
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Optics Express (18)10 2010
Abstract
We compute the stress re-distribution on the deformed cell and its subsequent deformations recursively until a final equilibrium state solution is achieved. The experiment is done with the red blood cells in suspension swollen to spherical shape. The cell membrane elasticity coefficient is obtained...
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PMID: 20588900
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We deposited smooth, nanocrystalline titania thin films by an aqueous deposition method on surface active and amphipathic proteins of fungal origin called hydrophobins. Initially, the hydrophobin molecules were self-assembled on a silicon substrate and characterized by angle-resolved X-ray photoelec...
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PMID: 20121159
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The enamel was significantly harder 25 microm (p = 0.000) and 50 microm (p = 0.001) from the enamel surface in the teeth with brackets bonded with the ACP-containing composite resin as compared with the control teeth. CONCLUSION: ACP-containing orthodontic composite resins may reduce the enamel deca...
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PMID: 20575193
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
During the 30-day study period, the tooth enamel in the adult orthodontic patients was more resistant to demineralization than that of the younger patients.
Copyright (c) 2010 American Association of Orthodontists. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved....
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PMID: 20451770
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We review the definition of I(r) and some of its key properties. Apart from its relevance to reactive behavior, I(r) has an important role in several fundamental areas, including atomic shell structure, electronegativity and local polarizability and hardness. All of these aspects of I(r) are discuss...
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PMID: 20411398
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We explored byssus cuticle chemistry by means of in situ resonance Raman spectroscopy and demonstrated that the cuticle is a polymeric scaffold stabilized by catecholato-iron chelate complexes having an unusual clustered distribution. Consistent with byssal cuticle chemistry and mechanics, we presen...
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PMID: 20203014
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the Knoop hardness of high viscous glass ionomer cement (GIC) Ketac Molar Easy Mix (3M ESPE, Saint Paul, USA) submitted to different types of compounds for surface protection. Sixty specimens of GIC were made in PVC molds with 7.5 mm diameter and 2.5 mm t...
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PMID: 19557791
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Bone mineral is a major determinant of the mechanical resistance of bones. In bone structural units (BSUs), mineralization of osteoid tissue begins with a rapid primary mineralization followed by a secondary mineralization phase, i.e., a slow and gradual maturation of the mineral component leading t...
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PMID: 19969115
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Cetirizine orodispersible tablets were prepared to achieve quick onset of action and for maximum bioavailability. Tablets were prepared using cetirizine along with camphor and mannitol in the proportion of 1:1:1, 1:1:3, and 1:1:6. The flow property of granules was found to be good for the formulatio...
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PMID: 20363705
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This study evaluated the activation of different cortical areas during nondeliberate chewing of soft and hard boluses in five right-handed and five left-handed subjects with normal occlusion, to determine different hemispheric prevalences. The study was conducted with a functional Magnetic Resonance...
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PMID: 20491233
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Dentistry (38)4 2010
Abstract
In the region close to the ZOE base, the elastic modulus and hardness of composite resin reduced to the values of 9.71+/-0.54 and 0.51+/-0.05 GPa, respectively. Eugenol from ZOE had detrimental effects on the composite resin only to a distance of less than 100 microm from the ZOE base. CONCLUSION: A...
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PMID: 19961894
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Dental Materials (26)4 2010
Abstract
Water-compatible photo-initiators such as TPO should be included in the hydrophilic solvated adhesive formulation to ensure an appropriate DC of the adhesive layer.
Copyright (c) 2009 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved....
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PMID: 20018363
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Diazepam is one of the most prescribed benzodiazepines. The purpose of the present research was to optimize the formulation of orodispersible tablets of diazepam. Orodispersible tablets of diazepam were prepared using different types of superdisintegrants (Ac-Di-Sol, sodium starch glycolate, and cro...
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PMID: 20232267
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Gel formulations of mebeverine hydrochloride (MbHCl) containing hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), metolose (MTL), and poloxamer 407 (PLX) were prepared to be used in the treatment of different oral painful conditions. HPMC was used as a mucoadhesive gel base while MTL and PLX were used to prepare...
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PMID: 20101482
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.