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Judgment (0):
Recent article
Judgment
Abstract
The results of two studies on the relationship between evaluations of trustworthiness, valence and arousal of faces are reported. In Experiment 1, valence and trustworthiness judgments of faces were positively correlated, while arousal was negatively correlated with both trustworthin...
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PMID: 22059299
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
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Abstract
This study investigated whether peer-nominated prosocial and antisocial children have different perceptions of the motives underlying peers' prosocial actions. Eighty-seven children, aged 10-12 years old, completed peer-nomination measures of social behaviour. On the basis of numbers of social nomina...
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PMID: 21848737
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We designed new cognitive tasks within a detection paradigm adapted to preschoolers and attitudinal tasks that were presented as games in a computer screen. Participants were 75 majority-group children of 3, 4, and 5 years of age. Children's preferences and positive/negative attitudes towards the in...
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PMID: 21848748
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Scientific American (305)1 2011
Abstract
Abstract
The present study investigated children's and adolescents' social reasoning about parenting roles in the home, specifically 'second-shift parenting' by a mother or father. Surveys were administered to children (age 10) and adolescents (age 13), nearly evenly divided by gender (N= 200) in which two hy...
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PMID: 21592152
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Flight into adverse weather continues to be a significant hazard for General Aviation (GA) pilots. Weather-related crashes have a significantly higher fatality rate than other GA crashes. Previous research has identified lack of situational awareness, risk perception, and risk tolerance as possible e...
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PMID: 21614869
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Key features of the voice--fundamental frequency (F(0)) and formant frequencies (Fn)--can vary extensively among individuals. Some of this variation might cue fitness-related, biosocial dimensions of speakers. Three experiments tested the independent, joint and relative effects of F(0) and Fn on list...
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PMID: 21476675
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We examined masculine gender role conflict, moral atmosphere, and athletic identity. Using structural equation modeling to assess survey data from 204 high school football players, results demonstrated that moral atmosphere (i.e., the influence of coaches and teammates) was significantly associated...
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PMID: 21558581
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Psychological Reports (108)2 2011
Abstract
Using the cognitive appraisal conceptualisation of the transactional model of stress, the goal was to assess how victims of stereotype threat respond to this situation in terms of primary appraisals (threat/challenge) and to investigate whether those appraisals may mediate the relati...
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PMID: 21675572
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Phytopathology (101)6 2011
Abstract
We discuss a new framework that has the subjective probability of disease and the cost of decision errors as its central features, which might allow a better integration of social science and epidemiology, to the benefit of plant disease management. By focusing on the probability and cost (or impact...
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PMID: 21405993
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This study examined whether the conspicuity of road workers at night can be enhanced by distributing retroreflective strips across the body to present a pattern of biological motion (biomotion). Twenty visually normal drivers (mean age = 40.3 years) participated in an experiment conducted at two open...
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PMID: 21376898
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The most typical automobile-motorcycle collision take places when an automobile manoeuvres into the path of an approaching motorcycle by violating the motorcycle's right of way (ROW).
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PMID: 21376890
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
British Journal of Social Psychology (50)Pt 1 2011
Abstract
Two studies examined the effects of self-categorization on people's orientation towards health. In Study 1, making salient a social identity which did not advocate a positive orientation towards health led group members to report weaker intentions to engage in health promotion behaviours in the futur...
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PMID: 21366615
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Talking of the Act LXXX. of 2009, the amendment of the Act IV. of 1978 on Criminal Code, the author reviews the Hungarian history of the changes of regulations referring to mentally ill criminals. He discusses the treatment regulations referring to criminals identified as insane, too...
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PMID: 21799221
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Our results can raise new aspects for research, therapy and prevention of anorexia nervosa....
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PMID: 21502668
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Anesthesiology (114)1 2011
Abstract
We addressed whether performance on an implicit mental rotation task reflects these RA-induced changes in body schema brain representations. Studying these changes in healthy volunteers may shed light on normal function and the central mechanisms of pain.
Performance pattern was studied in upper lim...
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PMID: 21169795
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Revue de l'infirmiere ()167 2011
Abstract
Abstract
We proposed and tested the effectiveness of a training procedure on perceptual evaluation of dysphonia. Participants were naive listeners who learned to judge the severity of vocal disorders.
The corpus consisted of 142 female voices ranging from normal to severely dysphonic voices....
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PMID: 21977699
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Social Psychology (151)2 2011
Abstract
The present work directly tests the persuasive potential of emotions in political slogans. Previous research that distinguished emotions on the human dimension found that individuals conform differently to the opinion of members of the in-group or the out-group when these targets expressed themselves...
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PMID: 21476460
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Social Psychology (151)2 2011
Abstract
The present study tested the prediction that male teachers are judged more harshly than female teachers for engaging in heterosexual intercourse with a student. One-hundred and eighty-seven adults (116 women, 71 men) evaluated a hypothetical newspaper article describing an alleged student-teacher rel...
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PMID: 21476461
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Psicothema (22)4 2010
Abstract
This study aims to discover whether observers with the same cultural background as the inhabitant of a bedroom perceive common characteristics among the inhabitants. The study was carried out with 107 females who were asked to assess the inhabitants of eight bedrooms. Several slides of each bedroom...
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PMID: 21044526
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Subjective impressions of task difficulty, risk, effort, and comfort are key variables of several theories of driver behaviour. A point of difference between many of these theories is not only the importance of these variables, but also whether they are continuously present and monitored or only exp...
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PMID: 20728644
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
According to the time-saving bias, drivers overestimate the time saved when increasing from an already relatively high speed and underestimate the time saved when increasing from a relatively low speed. This study examined the effect the time-saving bias may have on drivers' choice of speed using hy...
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PMID: 20728651
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
These results can be used to adapt a driver assistance system in car following situations. This should warn and intervene, especially in cases when drivers do not foresee the need for action and therefore cannot react in time.
2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved....
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PMID: 20728676
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Recognition performance does not usually change along the lifespan, but the response criterion usually does, and in general, it changes from being conservative during youth to being liberal, in old age. The focus of the present study is to analyze the changes that take place, both in discrimination...
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PMID: 20977007
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
There is a popular perception that clinical judgement and evidence-based medicine are at loggerheads with each other. We examine the concepts of evidence and judgment as applied to clinical practice, and attempt to understand the reasons behind this imaginary divide.
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PMID: 21150015
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We investigate the relationship between time and space in a nonverbal species, by testing whether non-human primates show space-time interactions consistent with metaphor theory or with ATOM. We tested two rhesus monkeys and 16 adult humans in a nonverbal task that assessed the influence of an irrel...
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PMID: 20846645
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
We show that for dimensions on which the self is positively evaluated, enhancement motives restrict the extent to which average-peer assimilation occurs (Study 2). But for dimensions on which the self is negatively evaluated, enhancement motives amplify average-peer assimilation (Studies 3 and 4). D...
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PMID: 20954785
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The authors investigate whether need for closure affects how people seek order in judging social relations. In Study 1, the authors find that people who have a high need for closure (NFC) were more likely to assume their social contacts were connected to each other (i.e., transitivity) when this was...
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PMID: 20954787
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
These results extend the findings of Bandura et al. (2001, 2003) to the sport context and suggest that affective and resistive self-regulatory efficacy operate in concert in governing adolescents' moral disengagement and transgressive behaviors in sport....
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PMID: 20980706
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Psychological Reports (107)2 2010
Abstract
First, a discussion is presented of some previous research results on the relation of a person's assessment of the importance ("value") of an object and his or her attitude toward that object, in particular on the relation of work values with job satisfaction. Then, a model is formulated and simulat...
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PMID: 21117465
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Psychological Reports (107)2 2010
Abstract
Masip, et al. (2009) conducted a study in which observers had to make truth-lie judgments at the beginning, middle, or end of a series of videotaped statements. They found a decline in truth judgments over time and explained this finding in terms of information processing mode. Recently, Elaad (2010...
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PMID: 21117486
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Psychological Reports (107)2 2010
Abstract
The prevalence and resilience of conspiracy beliefs suggest that such beliefs may derive in part from general information-processing mechanisms. Two predictions were tested: conspiracy beliefs would increase as familiarity with the conspiracy increased, and conspiracy beliefs would rest in part on t...
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PMID: 21117487
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neuropsychologia (48)12 2010
Abstract
The ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) has been implicated in social and affectively influenced decision-making. Disease in this region may have clinical consequences for social judgments in patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). To test this hypothesis, regional cortical acti...
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PMID: 20691197
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neuropsychologia (48)12 2010
Abstract
We investigated these effects in AD patients and healthy controls. Participants studied pictures and their verbal labels, and then picture recollection was tested using verbal labels as retrieval cues. Some of the test labels had been associated with a picture at study, whereas other had not. On thi...
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PMID: 20727904
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neuropsychologia (48)12 2010
Abstract
We extended the study by Seyal et al. (1995) to determine the effects of right parietal TMS on tactile processing for either hand, rather than only the ipsilateral hand. We performed two experiments applying TMS in the context of median-nerve stimulation; one experiment required somatosensory detect...
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PMID: 20678510
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Neuropsychologia (48)12 2010
Abstract
These results suggest that the motor comparators implicated in AHP are functioning, but not at optimum levels. Moreover, because the current findings reveal a deficit in awareness for reaches with the unimpaired limb, it is suggestive of common right hemisphere networks for motor awareness in both l...
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PMID: 20667488
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Perceptual and Motor Skills (111)2 2010
Abstract
The validity of rating of perceived exertion (RPE) in predicting lactate threshold during an incremental test was analyzed in 15 men with type 2 diabetes (M age = 53.4 yr., SD = 12.9). Blood glucose, lactate, and minute ventilation (VE)/VO2 responses identified the lactate, ventilatory, and glucose...
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PMID: 21162440
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Perceptual and Motor Skills (111)2 2010
Abstract
Previous research on numerosity judgments addressed attended items, while the present research addresses underestimation for unattended items in visual search tasks. One potential cause of underestimation for unattended items is that estimates of quantity may depend on viewing a large portion of the...
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PMID: 21162441
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Perceptual and Motor Skills (111)2 2010
Abstract
Ankle inversion injuries are common, yet little is known about the error associated with different positions as inversion depth increases. In this study, absolute judgments made without feedback were used to measure discrimination of different extents of ankle inversion which arose from active movem...
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PMID: 21162449
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The present investigation examined the incremental predictive validity of mindfulness skills, as measured by the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills (KIMS), in relation to multiple facets of emotional dysregulation, as indexed by the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), above and be...
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PMID: 20182933
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effects of exposure to facial expression of pain, on observers' perceptions of pain expression. Participants were undergraduates shown brief video clips of the facial expressions of shoulder-pain patients displaying no pain or moderate pain. Participants were randomly...
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PMID: 20231115
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Memory & Cognition (38)6 2010
Abstract
We examined how readers' preferences for characters' decisions structure their experiences of story outcomes. In Experiment 1, participants read brief stories and explicitly rated which of two potential decisions they thought the characters should make. The actual decision that each character made w...
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PMID: 20852238
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Memory & Cognition (38)6 2010
Abstract
We assessed the correlation between participants' recall performance and their use of semantic and temporal associations to guide retrieval across nine delayed free recall studies. The size of the participants' temporal contiguity effects predicted their recall performance. When interpreted in terms...
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PMID: 20852233
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Memory & Cognition (38)6 2010
Abstract
Results from two experiments revealed that prior experience with proactive interference (PI) diminished PI's effects for both young and older adults. Participants were given two rounds of experience, with different materials, in a situation that produced PI. Comparisons with a control condition show...
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PMID: 20852244
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
In the present experiments, participants were presented with two time intervals that were marked by auditory signals, and their task was to decide which of the two was longer in duration. In Experiment 1, the base durations were 50 and 1,000 msec, whereas in Experiment 2, seven different base durati...
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PMID: 20675803
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Three Garner interference experiments are described in which baseline, filtering, and correlated performance were assessed at both a macrolevel (condition average) and microlevel (intertrial contingency), using the pair-wise combinations of auditory pitch, loudness, and location. Discrepancies betwe...
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PMID: 20675810
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We demonstrate qualitative dissociations of brightness processing in visuomotor priming and conscious vision. Speeded keypress responses to the brighter of two luminance targets were performed in the presence of preceding dark and bright primes (clearly visible and flanking the targets) whose appare...
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PMID: 20675800
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
In contrast to the leftward inattention caused by right parietal damage, normal brain function shows a subtle neglect of the right and left sides in peripersonal and extrapersonal space, respectively. This study explored how these attentional biases cause healthy individuals to collide with objects...
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PMID: 20675802
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
In a number of experiments, blindfolded subjects traced convex curves whose verticals were equal to their horizontal extent at the base. Overestimation of verticals, as compared with horizontals, was found, indicating the presence of a horizontal-vertical illusion with haptic curves, as well as with...
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PMID: 20675806
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
In all, 191 patients were identified for each group; 49/191 (26%) patients in group 1 developed locoregional nodal recurrence (12% central neck and 21% lateral neck), compared with 11/191 (6%) patients in group 2 (3% central neck and 3% lateral neck; P < .05). Overall, 161/191 (84%) patients in grou...
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PMID: 20451230
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Two self paced listening experiments examined the role of prosodic phrasing in syntactic ambiguity resolution. In Experiment 1, the stimuli consisted of early closure sentences (e.g., "While the parents watched, the child sang a song.") containing transitive-biased subordinate verbs paired with plau...
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PMID: 20033849
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We recorded from single neurons in somatosensory cortices and primary auditory cortex while trained monkeys discriminated, on interleaved trials, either between two tactile flutter stimuli or between two acoustic flutter stimuli, and during discrimination sets that combined these two sensory modalit...
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PMID: 20670839
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The present study explores the impact of long-term partial sleep deprivation on the activation of moral justice schemas, which are suggested to play a prominent role in moral reasoning and the formation of moral judgments and behavior.
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PMID: 20815191
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Five studies show that mood affects context-dependence, such that negative mood promotes attention to a salient target, whereas positive mood enhances attention to both target and context. Judgments of temperature (Study 1), weight (Study 2), and size (Studies 3 and 4) were more strongly affected by...
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PMID: 20658839
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neuroscience (30)28 2010
Abstract
We show that sponsorship of the experiment by a company endows the logo of the company with the capacity to bias revealed preference for art displayed next to the logo. Merely offering to sponsor the experiment similarly endowed the gesturing logo of the company with the capacity to bias revealed pr...
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PMID: 20631188
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We conducted face-to-face interviews with 14 leading climate scientists, using formal methods of expert elicitation. We structured the interviews around three scenarios of radiative forcing stabilizing at different levels. All experts ranked "cloud radiative feedbacks" as contributing most to their...
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PMID: 20616045
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
To determine physician knowledge regarding restraint regulations and effectiveness and effect of physician characteristics on likelihood of ordering restraints.
Cross-sectional, factorial research survey.
Academic medical center.
Intern...
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PMID: 20579168
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We study whether the (changeable) reward level associated with two different pop-out targets might affect visual search and trial-to-trial target repetition effects (see Maljkovic & Nakayama, 1994). Observers searched for a target diamond shape with a singleton color among distractor diamond shapes...
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PMID: 20601703
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.