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Psychomotor Performance (2):
Recent article
Psychomotor Performance
Abstract
We present an experiment investigating the reconfiguration process elicited by the task switching paradigm in synaesthesia. We study the time course of the operations involved in the activation of photisms. In the experimental Group, four digit-color synaesthetes alternated between an odd-even task...
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PMID: 22059301
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
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Abstract
The first aim of the present study was to examine the structure of effortful control. The second aim was to determine whether components of effortful control relate to conduct problems and hyperactivity. Effortful control was measured in 3-year-old children (N= 89) with an observational measure, the...
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PMID: 21848749
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This paper investigates the role of cause and effect relations for infants' learning about artifacts. Two experiments tested whether 12-month-olds categorized a given set of unfamiliar artifacts according to overall similarity and/or according to part similarity, depending on what kind of video demon...
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PMID: 21848735
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neuroscience (31)32 2011
Abstract
We now show using electrophysiology and anatomic tracing that (1) the monkey has an inhibitory structure similar to the rat RMTg; (2) RMTg neurons receive excitatory input from the LHb, exhibit negative reward-prediction errors, and send axonal projections near DA soma; and (3) stimulating this stru...
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PMID: 21832176
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Neuroscience (31)31 2011
Abstract
We generated mice (termed "Nes-Met") in which met is inactivated from midembryonic stages onward in the CNS only. Adult animals showed motor behavioral defects suggestive of impaired innervation of pectoral muscles. Correspondingly, in neonatal spinal cords of Nes-Met mutants, we observed death of a...
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PMID: 21813676
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biological Psychiatry (69)12 2011
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorder overlap behaviorally, clinically, and cognitively. An important question of potential future clinical relevance is whether these two overlapping disorders are mediated by similar or distinct underlying brain substra...
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PMID: 21094938
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Perceptual and Motor Skills (112)3 2011
Abstract
Perceptual and motor inhibition were examined using conflict resolution tasks for 12 children with traumatic brain injury and 24 matched controls. Direct comparisons of inhibition performances between the two groups showed a specific and disproportionate impairment of motor inhibitio...
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PMID: 21853756
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Psychiatry Research (188)3 2011
Abstract
Neurocognitive deficits are a core feature of schizophrenia that is associated with poor occupational functioning. Few studies have investigated this relationship in patients with first-episode psychosis. The current study examined the characteristics of employed and unemployed patie...
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PMID: 21575993
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Vision affects daily activities, but of particular importance is the impact upon the learning process. Many studies have been conducted to establish the relationship between vision problems and academic performance. The results are varied, however, and suggest additional research is...
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PMID: 21524597
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), synthesized from the amino acid, L-arginine by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) has received attention as a neurotransmitter in the brain. NO has been found to induce cognitive behaviour in experimental animals. In order to show evidence for the involvement of NO in learning and memory...
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PMID: 21623030
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The current study compares hazard perception (HP) performance of 50 male drivers with and without a motorcycle license in order to generalize results. A video-based HP test, measuring reaction times to traffic scenes, was administered to these two groups of drivers. Participants with a motorcycle lic...
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PMID: 21376844
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We observed that mice deficient for RasGrf1(-/-) display an increase in average and most importantly, in maximal lifespan (20% higher than controls). This was not due to the role of Ras in cancer because tumor-free survival was also enhanced in these animals. Aged RasGrf1(-/-) displayed better motor...
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PMID: 21422498
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We show that orientation based on perceptually compelling amodal completion may fail to guide attention. The broader conclusion is that introspection is a poor guide to the capabilities of our internal search engine....
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PMID: 21331672
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We investigate the neural mechanisms of tactile motion integration by presenting tactile gratings and plaids to the fingertips of monkeys, using the tactile analogue of a visual monitor and recording the responses evoked in somatosensory cortical neurons. The perceived directions of the gratings and...
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PMID: 21315263
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Psychological Reports (108)1 2011
Abstract
Prior research has shown that depressive symptoms are associated with an enhanced attention toward negative stimuli and difficulty of disengaging attention from negative stimuli. The current study was an extension of a 2005 study by Koster and colleagues. A different stimulus presentation time and wo...
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PMID: 21526609
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We combine measures of functional activity, grey matter integrity and performance in patients with left hemisphere damage and healthy participants to ask whether the left inferior frontal gyrus is essential for syntactic processing. In a functional neuroimaging study, participants listened to spoken...
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PMID: 21278407
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Neurological soft signs (NSS) total score (P-corrected = 0.013) and motor integration subscore (P-corrected = 0.035) were found to negatively correlate with grey matter structure of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortices. Motor coordination subscore was positively correlated with grey matte...
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PMID: 21219267
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Internationally adopted children often arrive from institutional settings where they have experienced medical, nutritional and psychosocial deprivation. This study uses a validated research assessment tool to prospectively assess the impact of baseline (immediately post adoption) nutritional status o...
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PMID: 21318018
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We compared the upright standing in 7 patients with sensory-motor disorders and 7 healthy subjects (control) before and after 30-s involuntary neck muscle contraction. A trajectory of the center of pressure was recorded during 30-s standing with the eyes open, eyes closed and standing on a foam-rubb...
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PMID: 21961316
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Visual-motor coordination is necessary for successful performance of everyday activities. Many tasks, such as driving or operating devices in the workplace, require a variety of coordination patterns with different levels of compatibility between the eyes and the hand. The psychomoto...
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PMID: 21961322
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to investigate the levels of social and physical anhedonia, as measured with the Chapman Scales for social and physical anhedonia in groups of patients with schizophrenia spectrum psychosis (n = 91), their unaffected siblings (n = 105), and control subjects drawn fro...
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PMID: 21206244
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Medicinski pregled (64)1-2 2011
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Psychomotor re-education represents a multidimensional therapeutic approach in dealing with children and adults with psychomotor disorders. Therapeutic programs should be based on individual differences, abilities and capabilities, relationships, feelings and individual developmental ne...
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PMID: 21548271
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
To compare two forms of device-specific training - body-weight-supported (BWS) ambulation on a fixed track (TRK) and BWS ambulation on a treadmill (TM) - to comprehensive physical therapy (PT) for improving walking speed in persons with chronic, motor-incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI).
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PMID: 21903010
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Guided by the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain and Process (2nd edition; American Occupational Therapy Association, 2008), we conducted an evidence-based review on simulator sickness (SS).
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PMID: 21476365
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Cytogenetic and Genome Research (132)1-2 2011
Abstract
We describe 2 patients with de novo genomic imbalances of 19p13.3. Using high-resolution microarray analysis, we detected a 1.25-Mb deletion in one patient and a 0.81- Mb duplication in another. The resulting phenotypes are quite different; one is a 2-year-old boy with macrocephaly and normal growth...
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PMID: 20938164
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Psychiatry Research (187)1-2 2011
Abstract
Research on the sub-clinical condition of schizotypy suggests that it is associated with mixed handedness. To date, however, this research has focussed on undergraduate populations. If the association between schizotypy and mixed-handedness is the result of an underlying neurological trait, it is imp...
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PMID: 21176970
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Night floats have evolved in the era of limited resident work hours. This study was designed to define the effect of restricted nighttime duty hours on the psychomotor and cognitive skills of surgery residents.
To quantify the effect of fatigue on the skills of residents on day-shift and night-float...
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PMID: 21146026
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Brain Imaging and Behavior (4)3-4 2010
Abstract
Up to one-third of patients with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) demonstrate persistent cognitive deficits in the 'executive' function domain. Mild TBI patients have shown prefrontal cortex activity deficits during the performance of executive tasks requiring active information mai...
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PMID: 20703959
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Annals of Surgery (252)6 2010
Abstract
To test the hypothesis that fatigue-induced performance decline in surgical residents is associated with changes in brain function as detected by functional near-infrared spectroscopy.
Surgical residents (n = 7) participated in a prospective study involving 2-hourly objective measurements of neuroco...
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PMID: 21107119
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We posited that association between alexithymia and poorer neurocognition would support the deficit nature of alexithymia in later life. Widely used neurocognitive tests assessing the relative integrity of the left and right hemisphere functions were used to examine the extent to which alexithymia o...
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PMID: 21135641
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Brain research (1360) 2010
Abstract
This study examined the role of automatic selective perceptual processes in native and non-native listeners' perception of a Japanese vowel length contrast (tado vs. taado), using multiple, natural-speech tokens of each category as stimuli in a "categorial oddball" design. Mismatch negativity (MMN)...
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PMID: 20816759
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Brain research (1360) 2010
Abstract
The inability of axons in central nervous system (CNS) to regenerate after injury is related partly to multiple endogenous axon growth inhibitors including Nogo receptor (NgR). This study tested the hypothesis that silencing NgR expression by adenovirus-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) (AD-NgR) may...
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PMID: 20828545
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
These results suggest that providing participants with a wider field of view, which includes more environmental cues that are related to the relevant hazardous situation increases their ability to detect hazards, and some limited support to that providing them with a wider view increases this abilit...
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PMID: 20728606
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Transcallosal inhibition from the contralesional to the ipsilesional motor cortex correlated positively with motor function of the paretic hand; in contrast, transcallosal inhibition to the ipsilesional motor cortex correlated negatively with mirror activity of the paretic hand in both cortical and...
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PMID: 21031294
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Expected moderate correlation (r = -0.57) was obtained between activities of daily living ability and neurobehavioural impact measures, and there was no difference in mean neurobehavioural impact measures between groups (F [1, 212] = 2.910, p = 0.090). CONCLUSION: This study is the first to explore...
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PMID: 20927489
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
DEMMI admission scores were normally distributed (mean 30.2, standard deviation 16.7) and other activity limitation instruments had either a floor or a ceiling effect. Evidence of convergent, discriminant and known groups validity for the DEMMI were obtained. The minimal detectable change with 90% c...
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PMID: 21031293
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) is one of the main causes of car accidents. Alcohol and marijuana are the most popular drugs among recreational users. Many classify these drugs as "Light" drugs and therefore allow themselves to drive after consuming them.
The study had two main objective...
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PMID: 20728636
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We examined error detection by skilled typists and found illusions of authorship that provide evidence for two error-detection processes. We corrected errors that typists made and inserted errors in correct responses. When asked to report errors, typists took credit for corrected errors and accepted...
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PMID: 21030660
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
to examine the effects of socially enriched versus socially impoverished environments on performance and alertness decline during sleep deprivation in extraverts versus introverts.
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PMID: 21102989
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The aim of the current study is to determine whether pharmacotherapy normalizes cognitive circuitry function supporting voluntary behavioral inhibition in adolescent bipolar disorder.
Healthy controls and unmedicated patients with DSM-IV adolescent bipolar disorder in manic, mixed, or hypomanic epis...
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PMID: 20816040
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Journal of Nursing Education (49)11 2010
Abstract
High-fidelity simulation, with the potential to enhance cognitive, associative, and autonomous skills, can help students develop clinical reasoning. This study examined third-year students' (N = 300) perceptions about the implementation of high-fidelity simulation into an existing clinical course. D...
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PMID: 20795614
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
NeuroImage (53)2 2010
Abstract
Our ability to remember locations in space (spatial working memory) and our ability to direct attention to those locations (spatial attention) are two fundamental and closely related cognitive processes. A growing body of behavioural evidence suggests that spatial working memory and spatial attentio...
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PMID: 20615473
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
NeuroImage (53)2 2010
Abstract
We describe and analyze a neuronal spiking attractor-based model of decision-making that makes predictions about synaptic and neuronal activity, the fMRI BOLD response, and behavioral choice as a function of the easiness of the decision, and thus decision confidence. The spiking network model predic...
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PMID: 20615471
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Humans display a remarkable capacity to use tools instead of their biological effectors. Yet, little is known about the mechanisms that support these behaviors. Here, participants learned to grasp objects, appearing in a variety of orientations, with a novel, handheld mechanical tool. Following trai...
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PMID: 19925200
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Psicothema (22)4 2010
Abstract
Switch cost does not disappear as more preparation time for the next task is allowed. Tornay and Milán showed that the residual cost is smaller when tasks switch randomly than when they alternate in predictable sequences. They proposed that the difference was due to control mechanisms (anteri...
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PMID: 21044501
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Psicothema (22)4 2010
Abstract
We randomized the order of type of trial (5, 10 and 15 items presented in the display) while it remained constant (10 items) in Experiments 2A and 2B. In the later experiments, we also changed time presentation of visual display (3000 vs. 1300 ms, respectively). Results showed no differential effect...
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PMID: 21044505
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Psicothema (22)4 2010
Abstract
Several studies have researched the attentional functioning of schizophrenic patients by means of the Attentional Network Test. The present work reviews these studies and assesses the clinical relevance of their results. Both the reviewed data and our own results suggest that the Attentional Network...
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PMID: 21044495
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Sixty-five 4th-year students were enrolled; most common specialties were general surgery (n = 22) and orthopedics (n = 16). Thirty-five students were elite musicians (n = 16) or athletes (n = 19) and 8 regular videogamers. Suturing task times improved significantly from pre- to postcourse for all 5...
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PMID: 20705307
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Psychological Reports (107)2 2010
Abstract
Under a variety of conditions, people take longer to make judgments about odd than about even digits and digit names. In English the words "odd" and "even" have multiple meanings. Perhaps the multiple meanings of these words are responsible for the slowing of responses to odd stimuli. This hypothesi...
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PMID: 21117470
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A study of lexical semantic knowledge and autobiographical memory is described in PQ, a 22-year-old male with Downs syndrome. Performance is compared with younger typically developing verbal mental age controls. PQ's lexical stores contained a normal number of items, however, he was impaired at nami...
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PMID: 20446169
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
In the present study a large sample of credible patients (n = 172) scored significantly higher than a large sample of noncredible participants (n = 195) on several WAIS-III Picture Completion variables: Age Adjusted Scaled Score, raw score, a "Rarely Missed" index (the nine items least often missed...
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PMID: 20924983
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We examined the developmental trajectory of neuropsychological skills in a child with KS (seen at ages 4, 6, 7, 9, and 11). Examination of raw and age-corrected standard scores suggests that language-based skills developed appropriately, but visually based skills slowed and reached a plateau. Execut...
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PMID: 20812142
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Motor Control (14)4 2010
Abstract
We examined the effect of high frequency tactile stimulation (tHFS) on tactile and motor performance as well as tactile-motor interactions. Seventeen right-handed participants (66-78 years) underwent a pretest (tactile frequency and spatial discrimination task, manual dexterity test, and precision g...
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PMID: 21051788
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Motor Control (14)4 2010
Abstract
We investigate how two persons (dyads) coordinate their movements when performing cyclical motion patterns on a rocking board. In keeping with the Leading Joint Hypothesis (Dounskaia, 2005), the movement dynamics of the collaborating participants were expected to display features of a prime mover wi...
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PMID: 21051787
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Academic Medicine (85)10 Suppl 2010
Abstract
The process by which expert teachers "diagnose" student difficulties did not reduce well to numeric assessments using linear independent scales in the simulated context. This finding raises challenges for our ability to identify such difficulties using the data collected by simulators....
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PMID: 20881704
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Ergonomics (53)10 2010
Abstract
Vigilance declines when exposed to highly predictable and uneventful tasks. Monotonous tasks provide little cognitive and motor stimulation and contribute to human errors. This paper aims to model and detect vigilance decline in real time through participants' reaction times during a monotonous task...
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PMID: 20865604
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Ideggyogyaszati szemle (63)9-10 2010
Abstract
Preoperatively, the patients used 12.05 +/- 4.57 tablets a day out of 3.19 +/- 0.97 different antiparkinsonian drugs, which was significantly reduced by deep brain stimulation to the application of 7.00 +/- 2.96 tablets out of 1-3 (1.84 +/- 0.76) drugs (p < 0.001). Meanwhile, the usage of amantadine...
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PMID: 21033420
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Ideggyogyaszati szemle (63)9-10 2010
Abstract
Perceptual and Motor Skills (111)2 2010
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the learning process of a highly complex ballet skill following demonstrations of point-light and video models. 16 participants divided into point-light and video groups (ns = 8) performed 160 trials of a pirouette, equally distributed in blocks of 20 trials, alt...
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PMID: 21162435
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Perceptual and Motor Skills (111)2 2010
Abstract
Self-controlling practice implies a process of decision making, which suggests that the options in a self-controlled practice condition could affect learners. The number of task components with no fixed position in a movement sequence may affect the way learners self-control their practice. A 200-cm...
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PMID: 21162438
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.