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Manufactured Materials (23):
- Protective Devices
- Nanostructures
- Biomedical and Dental Materials
- Paper
- Jewelry
- Ceramics
- Biomimetic Materials
- Adhesives
- Liquid Crystals
- Cellophane
- Nylons
- Micro-Electrical-Mechanical Systems
- Wool
- Industrial Oils
- Elastomers
- Cooking and Eating Utensils
- Construction Materials
- Weapons
- Paint
- Ink
- Glass
- Clothing
- Sports Equipment
Recent article
Manufactured Materials
Abstract
To describe the refractive outcome of toric intraocular lens (IOL) implantation by comparing the postoperative refractive astigmatism with the preoperative keratometric astigmatism target.
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PMID: 21825184
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
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Abstract
In this study, a new technique that controls individual cell orientation using nanofiber meshes within three-dimensional (3D) hydrogels is reported. Highly aligned and fragile electrospun nanofibers (average diameter 500 nm) were manufactured into portable and handleable meshes with...
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PMID: 21272664
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
In 2010, the EU FP NanoSustain project (247989) has been successfully launched with the objective to develop innovative solutions for the sustainable use, recycling and final treatment of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). The same year, NanoValid (263147), a large-scale integrating EU...
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PMID: 21485776
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Waste Management (30)11 2010
Abstract
In this research, a two-step process consisting of vacuum pyrolysis and vacuum centrifugal separation was employed to treat waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs). Firstly, WPCBs were pyrolysed under vacuum condition at 600 °C for 30 min in a lab-scale reactor. Then, the obtained pyrolysis residue wa...
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PMID: 20655190
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Biomedical Materials (5)5 2010
Abstract
We exploited a polymer blending procedure to heparinize the chitosan material under simple and mild conditions to improve its antithrombogenic property. By an optimized procedure, a macroscopically homogeneous chitosan-heparin (Chi-Hep) blended suspension was obtained, with which Chi-Hep composite f...
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PMID: 20826908
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
This cohort study examined the effects of occupational exposure to toner, a particulate material with widespread use in today's society, on mortality.
The study included 33,671 employees of a xerographic company employed between 1960 and 1982 as manufacturing workers or customer service engineers. V...
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PMID: 20881618
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Bioresource Technology (101)15 2010
Abstract
Novel "green composites" have been prepared using a conjugated soybean oil-based resin and corn stover as a natural fiber. Corn stover is the residue remaining after grain harvest and it is estimated that approximately 75 million tons are available annually in the United States. The effect of the am...
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PMID: 20227274
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Bioresource Technology (101)15 2010
Abstract
We used a new technology called steam-pressed scrim lumber (SPSL) based on scrimming technology developed in Australia. Both standing green and fire-killed ponderosa and lodgepole pine logs were used in an initial test. Fire-killed logs of both species were found to be unsuitable for producing SPSL...
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PMID: 20378344
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Silica-calcium phosphate nanocomposite (SCPC) is a bioactive ceramic characterized by superior bone regenerative capacity and resorbability when compared to traditional bioactive ceramics. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of processing parameters on the microstructure and mecha...
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PMID: 20379765
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Lack of consistent and available information for the entire tyre industry has often hindered adequate understanding of current and future issues that need to be addressed for improving the sustainable end-of-life tyre management. The aim of this paper is to review related best available technologies...
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PMID: 19748958
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We examine if different types of manufacturing enterprises on environmental-oriented supply chain cooperation (ESCC) exist. We also determine if the Chinese manufacturer types varying in ESCC differ in their implementation of the CE practices towards achieving the CE-targeted goals on improving both...
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PMID: 20223586
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We trace the impact of process rate on energy intensity at different length scales, first presenting top-down data, then results of a bottom-up study, and concluding with individual process analyses. Interestingly, while production increased by almost a factor of 2 over the course of the study, ener...
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PMID: 20411980
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Drinking water biofilms were grown on coupons of plumbing materials, including ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer (EPDM) rubber, silane cross-linked polyethylene (PE-X b), electron-ray cross-linked PE (PE-X c) and copper under constant flow-through of cold tap water. After 14 days, the biofilms were s...
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PMID: 20556878
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Optics Express (18)11 2010
Abstract
The design, fabrication, and characterization of an integrated 2D photonic crystal stack are described for application as optical filters with improved optical density and angle tolerance compared to single photonic crystal slabs. The 2D photonic crystals are designed as polarization independent ref...
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PMID: 20589046
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Optics Express (18)11 2010
Abstract
We theoretically prove that electromagnetic beams propagating through a nonlinear cubic metamaterial can exhibit a power flow whose direction reverses its sign along the transverse profile. This effect is peculiar of the hitherto unexplored extreme nonlinear regime where the nonlinear response is co...
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PMID: 20589053
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Optics Express (18)11 2010
Abstract
We demonstrate a method to directly measure the electric-field-induced birefringence of a polymer-stabilized blue-phase liquid crystal (PS-BPLC) composite. The induced birefringence follows the extended Kerr effect well and is approximately 3X the ordinary refractive index change. The measured data...
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PMID: 20589005
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Optics Express (18)11 2010
Abstract
We demonstrate a diffractive maskless lithographic system that is capable of rapidly performing both serial and single-shot micropatterning. Utilizing the diffractive properties of phase holograms displayed on a spatial light modulator, arbitrary intensity distributions were produced to form two and...
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PMID: 20589036
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Optics Express (18)11 2010
Abstract
A superlattice structure of planar metamaterial is fabricated, where the orientation of double-split ring resonators is altered in a periodic way. A time-domain terahertz transmission spectrum shows an enhanced Q-factor resonance appears when a closed mode is selectively excited by angular tuning of...
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PMID: 20589016
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Optics Express (18)11 2010
Abstract
We report on the existence and stability of solitons in a defect embedded in a square optical lattice based on a photorefractive crystal with focusing saturable nonlinearity. These solitons exist in different bandgaps due to the change of defect intensity. For a positive defect, the solitons only ex...
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PMID: 20588951
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Optics Express (18)11 2010
Abstract
We report on enhancing spectral emission characteristics of ablation plasmas produced by laser irradiation of brass on ultrafast time scales. For different input irradiance levels, control of both atomic and ionic species becomes possible concerning the yield and the excitation state. The improved e...
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PMID: 20588975
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Optics Express (18)11 2010
Abstract
We propose an illusion device which transforms a perfectly-electric-conducting (PEC) object into a virtual dielectric object with arbitrary material parameters. Such an illusion device has unconventional electromagnetic properties as verified by accurate numerical simulations. The presented illusion...
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PMID: 20588988
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Optics Express (18)10 2010
Abstract
We present a rigorous method for calculating the local absorption in periodic structures. The computation depends primarily on the calculation of the electric field inside the structure. Since the standard definitions produce unsatisfactory results, we use a modified version of a method published by...
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PMID: 20588892
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Optics Express (18)10 2010
Abstract
We show that a metallic plate with periodic fractal-shaped slits can be homogenized as a plasmonic metamaterial with plasmon frequency dictated by the fractal geometry. Owing to the all-dimensional subwavelength nature of the fractal pattern, our system supports both transverse-electric and transver...
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PMID: 20588893
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Optics Express (18)10 2010
Surface phonon polariton characteristics of In(0.04)Al(0.06)Ga(0.90)N/AlN/Al(2)O(3) heterostructure.
Abstract
Surface phonon polariton (SPP) characteristics of In(0.04)Al(0.06)Ga(0.90)N/AlN/Al(2)O(3) heterostructure are investigated by means of p-polarized infrared (IR) attenuated total reflection spectroscopy. Two absorption dips corresponding to In(0.04)Al(0.06)Ga(0.90)N SPP modes are observed. In additio...
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PMID: 20588890
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Optics Express (18)10 2010
Abstract
We report on one-dimensional photonic crystals designed to exhibit a pronounced form birefringence at terahertz frequencies. The crystals can be used as volumetric quasioptical elements for a broad frequency range. Theoretical simulations of the dielectric parameters of these structures are presente...
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PMID: 20588868
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Ultrasonics (50)6 2010
Abstract
The effective velocity of elastic waves for two-dimensional (2D) phononic crystals with rectangular lattice in the long-wavelength limit is studied by numerical simulations. It is demonstrated that, for all three propagating modes, not only the modes polarized in-plane (L wave and SV...
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PMID: 20045166
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
The TF instruments were the most resistant to fatigue failure. The resistance to cyclic failure increased with decreasing CSA. All fractured surfaces showed the coexistence of ductile and brittle properties. CONCLUSION: The CSA had a significant effect on the fatigue resistance of NiTi rotary instru...
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PMID: 20303058
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Waste Management (30)3 2010
Abstract
The quantities of e-waste are expected to increase sharply in Chile. The purpose of this paper is to provide a quantitative data basis on generated e-waste quantities. A material flow analysis was carried out assessing the generation of e-waste from computer equipment (desktop and laptop PCs as well...
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PMID: 19793641
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Waste Management (30)3 2010
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to construct an approach and a methodology to estimate the future outflows of electronic waste (e-waste) in India. Consequently, the study utilizes a time-series multiple lifespan end-of-life model proposed by Peralta and Fontanos for estimating the current and future qu...
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PMID: 19857950
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Optics Express (18)2 2010
Abstract
Measurement of strain is an important application of digital holographic interferometry. As strain relates to the displacement derivative, it depends on the derivative of the interference phase corresponding to the reconstructed interference field. The paper proposes an elegant method for direct mea...
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PMID: 20173875
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Optics Express (18)2 2010
Abstract
This work addresses the need for a fully-retarded theoretical model for surface plasmons on metal nanoparticle chains and arrays embedded in a multilayered medium. The proposed method uses dyadic layered medium Green's functions not only to obtain the electric field created by an oscillating electri...
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PMID: 20174000
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Optics Express (18)2 2010
Abstract
We define three spatial coordinate transformations which show the possibility of designing a taper between two different waveguides. A parametric study is presented for the three transformations and we propose achievable values of permittivity and permeability that can be obtained with existing meta...
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PMID: 20173898
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Optics Express (18)2 2010
Abstract
We experimentally verify the anomalous phase behavior in metamaterial structures with birefringent materials predicted by Mandatori, et. al. using form birefringent structures. Large birefringence as much as Deltan/n = 0.7 has been achieved by surface-treated form birefringent discs, making compact...
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PMID: 20173866
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Optics Express (18)2 2010
Abstract
The temperature dependence of the resonant wavelength of vertically coupled microring resonator can be controlled via internal stress caused by the thermo-optic and photo-elastic effects. In the case of strong internal stress, a polarization-independent microring resonator can be realized by control...
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PMID: 20173912
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Optics Express (18)2 2010
Abstract
We describe diffraction of a complex Bloch wave propagating within a composite prism, and show that the resulting light in free space is an inhomogeneous plane wave in the presence of losses within the prism....
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PMID: 20173938
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Optics Express (18)2 2010
Abstract
These results are in agreement with finite-element method simulations using the optical properties of VO(2) which are measured by infrared ellipsometry....
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PMID: 20173960
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Optics Express (18)2 2010
Abstract
We have measured the resonant frequencies of split ring resonators and square loops fabricated on Si wafers with silicon dioxide thicknesses ranging from 0 to 10 nm. Resonance features blue shift with increasing silicon dioxide thickness. These effects are explained by the silicon dioxide layer form...
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PMID: 20173930
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Optics Express (18)2 2010
Abstract
We have recently shown that metamaterials composed of three-dimensional gold helices periodically arranged on a square lattice can be used as compact "thin-film" circular polarizers with one octave bandwidth. The physics of the motif of these artificial crystals is closely related to that of microwa...
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PMID: 20173927
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Optics Express (18)2 2010
Abstract
Light transmission spectrum of a multilayer photonic crystal with a central liquid-crystal defect layer placed between crossed polarizers has been studied. Transmittance was varied due to the magnetically induced reorientation of the nematic director from homeotropic to planar alignment. Two notable...
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PMID: 20173953
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Optics Express (18)2 2010
Abstract
We create polarization squeezed states with increased purity compared to standard fiber squeezing experiments. Explicit we produce squeezed states in counter propagating pulses along the same fiber axis to achieve near identical dispersion properties. This enables the production of polarization sque...
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PMID: 20173980
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
La Medicina del lavoro (101)6 2010
Abstract
To investigate asbestos exposure in 4 patients (3 cases of malignant mesothelioma and 1 case ofpleural plagues) previously employed in the entertainment business.
The patients were seen at the Occupational Health Unit of the "Clinica del Lavoro Luigi Devoto" in Milan (Italy). Information regarding e...
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PMID: 21141346
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Science progress (93)Pt 3 2010
Abstract
With the world facing depletion of its oil reserves, attention is being focused on how the plastics industry will address shortages and price increases in its crucial raw materials. One renewable resource is that of vegetable oils and fats and about a dozen crop plants make up the main vegetable oil...
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PMID: 21047019
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We have developed a new body fixation system for single patient use, which consists of a vacuum cushion, a thermoplastic fixation sheet which is used to suppress involuntary and voluntary patient movement, and a triple-wall corrugated fiberboard base plate to which both the vacuum cushion and the th...
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PMID: 19755802
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We examine this property from the point of view of crystal stability and compute extrema of the ratio for various interesting and technologically important materials. Potential applications of the auxetic property are mentioned....
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PMID: 20040420
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
A specific feature of the acoustoelectric scattering of the nonuniform surface acoustic wave (SAW) beams by the straight metal strips placed on the piezoelectric substrates is discussed. A closed-form solution is obtained to describe the influence of diffraction on the reflective delay line with fin...
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PMID: 20040437
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Industrial Health (48)2 2010
Abstract
Small-scale enterprises face difficulties in fulfilling the regulations for organising Systematic Work Environment Management. This study compared three groups of small-scale manufacturing enterprises with and without support for implementing the provision. Two implementation methods, supervised and...
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PMID: 20424349
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
Abstract
Different mattress materials may affect the accumulation of allergens.
To compare the amount of group 1 dust mite allergens (Der p1 + Der f1) on mattresses made of different kinds of materials before and after use.
Sixty new mattresses made of kapok, synthetic fiber, coconut fiber and sponge-like po...
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PMID: 21038785
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We treated chitosan film with argon plasma and characterized both its physical and chemical properties. We found that argon plasma increased nano-scale roughness and introduced a carbonyl group to the chitosan surface. Meanwhile, the contact angles also decreased as the duration of the plasma treatm...
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PMID: 20338092
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Optics Express (18)1 2010
Abstract
We demonstrate the operation of two types of waveguides formed in three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystals (PCs). We first created a vertical waveguide by stacking acceptor-type defects, in which near-infrared light propagates in the stacking direction. Light is transmitted independent of polarizati...
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PMID: 20173858
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We investigated whether individuals exposed to asbestos by living near an asbestos-manufacturing facility experienced increased lung cancer mortality. We studied a neighborhood around such a plant in the central Japanese city of Hashima. From 1943 to 1991 this plant produced insulation and packing m...
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PMID: 20662419
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Optics Express (18)1 2010
Abstract
The transformation optics technique for designing novel electromagnetic and optical devices offers great control over wave behavior, but is difficult to implement primarily due to limitations in current metamaterial design and fabrication techniques. This paper demonstrates that restricting the spat...
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PMID: 20173844
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Optics Express (18)1 2010
Abstract
We also performed the SHG experiments under 1064 and 800 nm pumping, respectively. In addition, we directly compared the SHG performance of NLBO with that of LBO under the same experimental conditions with the 1064 nm pumping source. As the results, a conversion efficiency of 58.3% at 532 nm was obt...
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PMID: 20173843
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Optics Express (17)25 2009
Abstract
We introduce a new optical method for measuring elastic properties of samples which employs magnetite nanoparticles as perturbative agents. Magnetic nanoparticles distributed in silicone-based samples are displaced upon probing with a small external magnetic field gradient and depth-resolved optical...
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PMID: 20052238
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We employed the Frobenius method as the only available method for a detailed analysis of SAW in materials with property variations in a linear pattern. Analytical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method and the effect of FGM on changes of surface displacements in SAW pr...
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PMID: 20040406
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
To assess asbestos exposure and calculate the relative risks of lung cancer among asbestos cement roof sheet workers and to predict the incidence rate of lung cancer caused by asbestos in Thailand.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in four asbestos cement roof factories. Both area and personal a...
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PMID: 20235362
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Optics Express (17)23 2009
Abstract
We demonstrate that complex gradient index optics can be constructed exhibiting low material losses and large frequency bandwidth. Although the range of structures is limited to those having only electric response, with an electric permittivity always equal to or greater than unity, there are still...
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PMID: 19997341
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We show that the claims of a recent paper on coupling which states that the complex coupling has mathematical difficulties and is inconsistent with a specific experiment are incorrect.
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PMID: 19942519
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Abstract
We describe a simple approach for selecting a rheological computer model to simulate a human-surface impact. The situation analyzed was of a head form impact onto gymnastic tumbling mats. The approach can be used to characterize other surfaces and impacts. The force-time-displacement characteristics...
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PMID: 20095456
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.
Optics Express (17)22 2009
Abstract
We have developed a coupled-mode theory to describe light propagation in triple-core photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) in the nonlinear regime. The propagation equations including nonlinearities have been solved analytically. The nonlinear coupling for symmetric and asymmetric fibers is modeled for dif...
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PMID: 19997253
PDF is available here.
PDF is available here.